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MIP 300: EXAM 3
Organic |
when 2 or more carbons are present
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Macroelements |
required by organisms in large amounts
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Heterotrophs |
use reduced, performed organic molecules as their carbon source
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Autotrophs |
get their carbon from CO2
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Trace elements |
required by organisms in small amounts
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Phototrophs |
light energy is used to fix CO2 into organics
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Chemoorganotrophs |
oxidate organic molecules
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Chemolithotrophs |
oxidate inorganic molecules
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Exergonic reaction |
release energy
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Endergonic |
require energy
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Coupled reactions |
exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions
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A molecule is oxidized if... |
it loses H, gains O, increases positive charge or decreases negative charge
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A molecule is reduced if... |
it loses O, gains H, decreases positive charge or increases negative charge
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Standard reduction potential (Eo) |
measures the tendency of a molecule to become reduced or gain electrons
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Catabolism |
degradation of complex molecules into simpler ones, exergonic
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Anabolism |
synthesis of complex molecules, endergonic
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Aerobic |
if O2 is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain
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Anaerobic |
if some other inorganic molecule (other than O2) is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain
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Where does glycolysis take place in prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? |
cytoplasm
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Where does the TCA cycle take place in bacteria? |
cytoplasm
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Where does the TCA cycle take place in eukaryotes? |
mitochondria
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Where does the electron transport chain take place in bacteria? |
plasma membrane
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Where does the electron transport chain take place in eukaryotes? |
mitochondria
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What pathways are used during fermentation? |
only glycolysis
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Light reactions |
light energy is trapped, converted into chemical energy
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Dark reactions |
energy is used to fix CO2 into organic molecules
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