OPM 311: TEST ONE
55 Cards in this Set
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two main sides to business
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1.demand( sales and marketing)- responsible for forecasts and affecting customer behaviors and providing a forecast
2. fufflifment( operations) responsible for makig and delivering products and services.
accounting in the fucntion that "keeps score" of the business through profit an…
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the ____ process within the supply chain creates _____
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transformative and wealth
this includes the conversion of rawmaterials into saleable product
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who owns the demand planning process
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top management of sales and/or marketing ushualy at the vp level
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ownerships of the operations or production planning belongs to
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top management in operations, ushually vp of operations
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careers in operation and supply chian management
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jobs in quality, process, manufacturing engineering, purchasing, materials planning, scheduling, production
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apics
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the professional group in the operations and supply chain management space
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rule of volume and items
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80% of volume is almost always 20% of the items offered in a firm
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missions
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answers the question" "what are we in businesss for?" what's important to the business"
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corporate sratedgy
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long term direction
defines the objectives for future growth
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business imperatives
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short list of goals for the nex t12 months
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core competency
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skills that define business nad unlikely to be sibcontracted
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order qualifiers
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what makes a consumer consider a prodcut or serice
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order winners
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what makes a customer choose this product or service,
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what is the impact of demand variation on operation management
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bufffer inventory
buffer capacity flexibility to offset varaition if high cusotmer service to be offered
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two most important operational performance
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customer service
cost
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MTS
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made to stock, finsihsed goods that are made prior to the recipt of an order such sas delel computer online
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MTO
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made to order- compents and raw materials are procured prior to the recipt of an order
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ETO
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all manufactoring is done after the recipt of the an order including the design configureation of the product
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good process design deteriorates over times unless...
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there are management systems( accountability infrastructures) in place to create process accountability
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good management systems include
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1good process design
2accountabilty to the process
3 metrics results
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things used to mointor various processes int eh business
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daily( daily schdule review)
weekly( weekly perfomrance review)
monthly( s & OP)
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s & OP
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a risk management pricess for demand,capacity and profit
spreadsheet for review
revenue
operations
inventory
profit
12 month rolling plans
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main trade offs in operations management
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customer service and cost
inventory buffer and cash
capacaity cushion and cost
leap frogging capacity needs in large increments versus small incremental growth
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business have time based sratedgies but they also need to be ___
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agile, most companies are asking suppliers for shorter lead time
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balanced scorecard
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for vision and sratedgy
1 finanical,
2 customer,
3 internal business processes
4. learning and growth
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productivity
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output divded by inputs
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partial productivity measures
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output/ single input
output/labor
ourput/capitol
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mutifacotr productivty measures
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output/ multiple inputs
output/ labor + machine
output/ labor + capital +energy
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effciency of operations
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standard hours earned/ hours paid
actual output/effective capacity
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why need for supply chain managmenet
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problems with oscillinating inventory levels, inventory stockout,
late deleiveries, quality problems
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business imperatives
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12 months or sooner and must have priority
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what does effective sratedgy formulation take into account
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core competencies
environemntal scanning
swot( strenghts weakness, opporutnites, threats)
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tactics
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methods and actions taken to accomplsih srtaediges
how to part of process
operations, acutal doing of the process
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managment systems
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documented method to increase discpline of standard practices
1. definition of good procudrues
2. accountabiity infastructure
3. results/measurements
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likelyhood of partnerships
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50 % of suppliers- no partnership
25% sharing some info
25% real partnership
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delphi method
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chose particpants
obtain feedback
summarize results
give results back to partipants and ask again
summerize again
repeat 4 and 5
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trend
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long term upword or downward movement in data
population shifts, changes in income
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seasonilty
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short term, fairly regular variations
restants, theaters,
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simple moving average
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just average
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weight moving average
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mutiply month by weight gives you forecast
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expontential smoothing
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uses less historical data
asssumes most recent data is acurate except in seasonality
forecast = last forecast + a ( last actual- last forcast)
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customer data tends to be
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overstated cause they are nervous suppliers wont have enough
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srategic capacity planning
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3-5 years
plants products,global thinking
top management
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resource planning
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12 rolling months
plants equipment, hiring,
top managment
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rough-cut capacity planning
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12 rolling months
schduleing, material flow, manpower
middle management
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crp capacity reuirements planning
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1-8 weeks
attendence, breakdowns, reworks, overtime
planning
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design or thoerical capacity
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calculated on paper
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effective capacity
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capacity calcualted with constraints
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demonsrated capacity
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actual output
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leading
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build capacity in anticipation of future demand increases
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following
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build capacity when demand exceeds current capcity
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tracking
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similar to the following sratedgy, but adds capacity inrelatively small incraments to keep pace with increasing demand
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what can be done to enhance capacity management
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design flexability into system
called scability
business sratedgy determined or ajusted
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resolve constraint
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1. identify the most pressing constraint
2. change the opertation to acheive maximum benefit,
3. make sure other portions of the process are supportive of it
4. explore and evalute way to overcome it
5. repeat until all contraints fixed
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how do you make sure other protions of the process are supportive of contraint
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put buffer before first operation and before constaint and at finished goods
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OPM 311: TEST ONE