BIOL 1106: EXAM 2
61 Cards in this Set
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Most scientists who study the development of multicellularity would agree that it is --- and probably originated from the ---.
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monophyletic, Choanoflagellates
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The evolution of bilateral symmetry paved the way for the evolution of --- and this first appears in the phylum ---.
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cephalization, Platyhelminthes
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The Protista are a --- and a Domain within the Eukarya (T/F).
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polyphyletic group; FALSE
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Animals possess a multicellular phase in their life cycle.
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False
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In the study of animal classification and systematics, which of the following is changing our understanding about the organization of the Animal Kingdom?
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Molecular systematics
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You are out on a hike over on Bursh Montain and stumble upon an animal that is terrestrial, is molting, and has jointed appendages. What is it?
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an arthropod
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Based on embryonic development, which of the following phyla is your closest phylogenetic relative? The bilateral nature of the group would be seen in the --- form.
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Echinodermata; larval
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In coelomates, the coelom forms ---.
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by a splittin gof the mesoderm
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Nematodes were once thought to be closely related to the "worms" - positioned between the Platyhelminthes and the Annelida. However, with the advent of molecular systematics, we now know the Nematoda are more closely related to the Arthropoda and the issue of --- is considered to be impor…
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molting
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Which of the following IS NOT a Chordate characteristic?
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segmented vertebral column
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The significance of lobe-finned fishes is that they:
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have articulated appendages that provide better adaptation for terrestrial existence
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Of the five classes of Vertebrates, which has the MOST species and which has the FEWEST species.
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ray-finned fishes; mammals
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this embryo is a ---
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protostome
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The allantois is an --- that ---.
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embryonic membrane; stores nitrogenous waste
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Which of the following statements is correct?
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The mammalian line of evolution from reptiles began before the dinosaur line of evolution
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The divergence of Primates from other Mammals depended on --- and ---.
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grasping fingers and toes and binocular vision; bipedalism
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Which Hominid species evolved first and which has existed for th elongest time in the geological record?
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homo habilis; homo erectus
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What happened to the allantois in placental Mammals?
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It has become incorporated into the placenta
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On a remote island, a new animal is found. It has a four-chambered heart and lungs and is endothermic. It has internal fertilization, lays shelled eggs, and nurses its young after they hatch. This animal is most likely a:
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monotreme
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Bird feathers evolved from --- and scientists believe their original function served as ---.
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reptilian scales; insulation
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Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE with respect to birds being classified as reptiles?
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Both birds and reptiles are endothermic
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All female mammals produce milk to feed their young (T/F) and the placenta in mammals is responsible for gas exchange for the embryo (T/F).
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True, false
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The bones of birds are heavier than the bones of other reptiles to support the stresses of flight (T/F), and they have four-chambered hearts (T/F) to maintain the oxygen supplies to be ---.
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false, true; endothermic
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Which of the following WOULD NOT BE an embryonic tissue or germ layer?
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epidermis
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Which of the following tissues can originate from any of the embryonic germ layers, has tremendous regenerative capacity, and an apical surface?
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epithelial
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Connective tissue is derived from:
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mesoderm
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An osteoclast is derived from --- and would give rise to ---.
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Connective tissue; calcium and phosphate
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While working in a forensic lab, you are given a bit of tissue to analyze. It has several layers. The upper surface consists of dead flattened cells full of protein fibers. As you move deeper into the tissue, the cells look healthier. The bottom layer of cells is actively dividing. Under …
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stratified epithelial
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Connective tissues include a diverse and wide array of cell types, but they all share --- which is highly ---. An example of "loose connective tissue" would be found in ---.
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an extracellular matrix; variable; dermis
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The Immune System is derived from --- tissue, and has its origin in --- in ---.
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Connective Tissue; pleuripotent stem cells; bone marrow
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The nervous system is derived from --- which, in turn is derived from --- embryonic tissue, and this is the same origin for the muscular system (T/F).
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nerve tissue; ectoderm; false
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Based on the definition of things, a tooth would have to be considered an:
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organ
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Which of the following controls the temperature in endothermic animals?
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hypothalamus
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Homeostasis is important to vertebrates because:
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constant internal environment is important for enzyme and other chemical reactions
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The integumentary system is derived from
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the ectoderm and mesoderm
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Most body systems maintain homeostasis though --- systems; however, consider the situation in which hypertension damages the lining of the arterioles of the kidneys, which results in the release of molecules that further raise blood pressure. In this latter situation, this would be an exa…
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negative feedback; positive feedback loop
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It's time for a swim. Off to the gym, off with the clothes, on with the basing suit. A nice warm shower to clean off, a stroll out onto a nice warm deck, and then PLUNGE into very warm water. What would be one of the first homeostatic reactions?
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the hypothalamus would open the capillary bed of the skin
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Mitosis in the epidermis occurs with the --- and keritinzation begins with the ---. Keratin ends up in the ---.
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stratum basale; stratum spinosum; stratum corneum
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The dermis of the integumentary system is composed mostly of --- and is the location for the extensive capillary network of the firculatory system that is important in homeostatic temperature control (T/F).
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connective tissue; true
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Lysozyme is secreted by the --- which are located in the epidermis layer of the Integument (T/F)
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sebaceous sweat glands; False
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Psoriasis occurs when the mitotic rate of the --- is ---.
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stratum basale; too high
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Fingerprints are caused by --- and the first library for CSI was developed by --- around ---.
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extensions of the dermal papillae; Scotland Yard; ~1900
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The least common but most malignant form of skin cancer is --- and these cells are part of the ---.
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malignant melanoma; stratum basale
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Some reports say the incidence of skni cancer has increased in recent years. This increased incidence is often correlated with:
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the formation of ozone holes at high altitudes over the poles
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Exoskeletons are a great plan, but why are there no insects or crayfish as big as animals with endoskeletons?
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Muscles in an exoskeleton cannot grow as large nor produce the energy of a vertebrate system because they are constrained by space and lack a closed circulatory system
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(T/F) Both endoskeletons and exoskeletons grow continuously.
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FALSE
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--- form bone, and become --- when entombed by the very material they laid down.
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Osteoblasts, osteocytes
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Bone consists of --- and all vertebrate bone is alive when functional (T/F).
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Calcium phosphate (CAPO4) / FALSE
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A Haversian Canal consists of ---.
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blood vessels and nerves
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Multiple myeloma is cancer of --- in the ---.
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plasma cells; bone marrow
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The first client is older than the second client and discussing how he has been lifting weights for over 30 years. The second client is a member of the new human species (homo sedidentaris). You process both sets and happen to notice that ---
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the first client has thicker bone because bone reshapes itself as a result of the piezoelectric effect of physical stress on the bone
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muscle cell
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muscle fiber
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thick filament
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myosin
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thin filament
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actin
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endoplasmic reticulum
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Which of the following is the functional unit of contraction for a muscle fiber?
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sarcomere
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A competitive sprinter would have a predominance of --- muscle fibers and they would appear to be this color because the fibers would contain much --- and little ---. These types of fibers would also respire --- because they would have ---.
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white; glycogen; myoglobin; anaerobically; few mitochondria
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When --- binds with ---, --- moves and myosin can bind with ---.
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CALCIUM; troponin, tropomyosin; actin
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Rigor mortis occurs because --- becomes exhausted and is needed for ---.
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ATP; myosin release from binding site on actin
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Which of the following WOULD NOT BE a property of ATP in muscle contraction?
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triggers the release of acetylcholine from a neuron at the neuromuscular junction
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The reason that your muscles contract as a unit rather than individual segments is due to:
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T-tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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BIOL 1106: EXAM 3