HIST 1312:Midterm
87 Cards in this Set
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Progressivism: its basic assumptions and values.
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Broad loosely connected political movement of individuals and groups who wanted to bring about major changes.
They wanted the federal government to be the force to implement the changes they were wanting
They want to make laws regarding women and children, Legislation regulating wages a…
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The impact of muckraking journalists.
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They were progressive-era journalists who investigated corruption and fraud in American business and politics. They exposed the filthy conditions in the slaughterhouses in Chicago. There was a book that talked about Chicago slaughterhouses called “The Jungle.”
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The Wisconsin Idea
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The Wisconsin Idea (La Follette)By the 1890s, many states pass laws regulating conditions in the workplace. These laws restricted child labor, set maximum hours for women and children, and regulated conditions in sweatshops.
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13th Amendment
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Abolition of slavery
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14th Amendment
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Life, liberty, property for slaves...aka- citizenship
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15th Amendment
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Right to vote for African Americans (men only)
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16th Amendment
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The government has the constitutional right to tax everyone. General income tax.
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17th Amendment
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We directly selects our 2 senators in our states. Gives more power to the people, it’s about how we elect our senators.
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18th Amendment
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Prohibition
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19th Amendment
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Women are allowed to vote. Signed by President Woodrow Wilson. He was reluctant to signing this amendment, but his wife talked him into it.
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Teddy Roosevelt's position on large corporations
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His domestic program includes some measure of control of large corporations, more power for the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the conservation of natural resources.
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The split in the Republican Party
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Roosevelt handpicked Taft to be his successor. Taft fires someone who is Roosevelt’s friend. There was a merger of two companies that was already approved by Roosevelt. Taft sued the companies and he wanted to prevent the merger from happening. Roosevelt thinks that Taft betrayed him and …
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Wilson's New Freedom and the reforms of Wilson's first administration
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New Freedom: Wilson’s New Freedom promises the eradication of special interests and a return to competition.
The Federal Reserve Act- recreated a national banking system in the United States. Created 12 regional centers and one is located in Dallas.
The Federal Trade Commission
The Cl…
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W.E.B. Du Bois' critique of Booker T. Washington and accommodationism
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Du Bois rejects Washington’s idea of accommodation. Washington Wants change now, why wait for change. We need to demand for change, freedom, and that blacks be given the rights they deserve and that they be respected and honored. Du Bois believes that they should wait out for their time t…
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The sources of increased American interest in foreign affairs and expansion
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American’s gave little thought to foreign affair after the civil war. Up until WW2 the US was an isolationist country and therefore they weren’t getting involved in foreign affairs. Americans had stronger reasons for extending their influence in Latin America rather than in the Pacific be…
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The causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War
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McKinley talked to the Spanish government and told them that the civil war in Cuba must stop immediately, they agreed and said it should stop. McKinley said they should withdraw Governor Weyner and Spain agrees to withdraw him. McKinley tells them to withdraw from Cuba because that’s the …
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The arguments of the imperialists and the anti-imperialists
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....
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The events leading to the Philippine Rebellion
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The decision of the US to purchase the Philippines comes as quite a shock to the people of the islands, they rise up in rebellion
Both America and Philippines commit atrocities, but ultimately the US defeats them.
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The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
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The United States would not permit foreign nations to intervene in Latin America
The Open Door Policy
When the European powers seek to check Japan’s growing economic and military might by carving out spheres of influence in China, the US feels compelled to act.
Existing trade agreement…
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The events leading to the construction of the Panama Canal
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The US negotiates a treaty for the right to build a canal across Panama with the government of Colombia, which the Colombian senate rejects
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Wilson's moralistic approach to foreign policy
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Wilson issues a proclamation of neutrality keeping the US out of war. There was a problem with neutrality though; if others do not respect neutrality then you’re not neutral.
Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy: the system in which support is given only to the countries whose moral beliefs are anal…
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The factors that led to the outbreak of World War I in Europe; the main belligerents, the alliances, and their goals
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Industrialization was one of the factors that led to war because it made everyone more involved and more powerful so that we expand into areas we never expanded into before. This expansion led to conflict.
The assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist.
Austr…
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Events leading to the American entry into World War I
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The Zimmerman Telegram was sent from the German government to the German ambassador in Mexico. They proposed an alliance with Mexico, and Germany wanted Mexico to become involved. The British intercepted the telegram and the British passed it on to the American Government. The American go…
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The mobilization of the American economy for war and its impact
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President Wilson called for revolutionary changes at home. He created the Selective Service Act: Men as young as 18 years old could be drafted for war. It ended up that almost 3 million men were called up for service.
The food administration Program: Increased the amount of food supply.
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The outbreak of intolerance during the war
Wilson's Fourteen Points and their significance and the failure of the Treaty of Versailles to incorporate them
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14 points: the 1st five points called for open diplomacy, freedom of seas, removal of trade barriers, armaments reduction, and an impartial adjustment of colonial claims based on the interests of the populations involved. Point 14 was called for the formulation of the League Of Nations, t…
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The Treaty of Versailles
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Wilson goes to Paris to negotiate a peace treaty. Wilson left America for quite a while and problems started arising. In the midterm elections of 1918, the Republicans won and then Wilson made a strategic mistake. When he went to Paris to negotiate he took 0 Republicans with him. When he …
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Discuss the major points Booker T. Washington made in his “Atlanta Compromise”
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Washington suggested that African Americans should not agitate for social and political equality in return for the opportunity to acquire vocational training and participate in the economic development of the New South. He believed that through hard work and hard-earned respect, African A…
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Discuss the nature of conflict between John Muir’s idea of environmentalism and that of Theodore Roosevelt’s
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Muir wanted to use the nature parks as a water reservoir for California, however Roosevelt wanted to keep the parks the way they were and leave them as natures playgrounds.
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Discuss President Wilson’s “moral diplomacy.” What were its major tenets?
Discuss the nature of conflict between President Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge. Why did President Wilson fail to convince the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? What was the most controversial issue at the…
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also known as birthright citizenship, is a right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognized to any individual born in the territory of the related state.
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Platt Amendment
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On March 2, 1901, the Platt Amendment passed which amended the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War. It defined the terms of Cuban-U.S. relations to essentially be …
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Radical Republicans
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a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from about 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877; issued an emancipation proclamation; first to call for an arming of black troops
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Carpetbaggers
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a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. Came to the south because there was a lot of opportunities. Received almost worst treatment than the blacks themselves because they were seen as traitors
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Scalawags
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Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party, after the American Civil War. Remained loyal to the Union. Favored electing democrats to congress. Had a better reputation than Carpetbaggers.
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Yeoman farmer
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independent southern white farmers living on family-sized farms. They didn't own slaves because they didn’t have the money to yet they made up the majority of the population. Wanted to grow the system of education to prevent the African Americans from becoming as smart or smarter than the…
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Free labor ideology
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In competition with the slave system of the South was the concept of "free labor" advocated by many in the Northeastern states. Although the term might suggest the same meaning, the word "free" had nothing to do with bondage or working for no wage, but rather indicated concepts of freedom…
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Social Darwinism
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the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify polit…
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Civil War/Reconstruction Amendments
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The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, passed between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War.
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Black Codes
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were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
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New World Slavery
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In colony after colony, Europeans shifted from Indian to African slaves partly for demographic reasons. As a result of epidemic diseases, which reduced the native population by 50 to 90 percent, the labor supply was insufficient to meet demand. But Africans also possessed many skills that…
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Haitian Revolution
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was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Republic of Haiti. The Haitian Revolution was the only slave revolt which led to the founding of a state Furthermore, it is generally considered the most…
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Reconstruction (1863-1877)
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essential to the goal of redefining race relations in the United States; was in some ways a success and in others a failure; redefined and re-created the south, expanded capitalism, and temporarily led to the rise and division of one political party, the breakdown of another, and set in m…
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Freedmen's Bureau
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The U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, popularly known as the Freedmen's Bureau, was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War (1861-65).
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Andrew Johnson
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17th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote (1808-1875); tried to hold the south by vetoing bill after bill; opposed confederate succession and only southern senator to refuse …
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Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
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was a bill proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland. In contrast to President Abraham Lincoln's more lenient Ten Percent Plan, the bill made re-admittance to the Union f…
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Vagrancy laws
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were vague and covered a wide range of activities and crimes associated with vagrants, such as loitering, prostitution, drunkenness, and associating with known criminals; was a way to try and deprive the freedom of African Americans and have them remain in the fields.
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Military Reconstruction Act (1867)
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These acts divided the south into five military districts. Each district was placed under military leadership and new elections were held with voting only allowed by Congress' approved voters, which were mostly former slaves. Each state was also required to ratify the 13th and 14th Amendm…
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Sharecropping
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a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
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United States vs. Cruikshank (1876)
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one of the earliest to deal with the application of the Bill of Rights to states governments following the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case arose during the Reconstruction Era from the 1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election which was hotly disputed, and led to both major poli…
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Vertical Integration
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owning a product ever since it hit the ground, Andrew Carnegie was known for his vertical integration
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Horizontal Integration
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a strategy where a company creates or acquires production units for outputs which are alike - either complementary or competitive. One example would be when a company acquires competitors in the same industry doing the same stage of production for the creation of a monopoly.
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Ida B. Wells
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an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, and an early leader in the civil rights movement
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Andrew Carnegie
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Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century
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Jay Gould
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Jason "Jay" Gould was a leading American railroad developer and speculator. He was long vilified as an archetypal robber baron, whose success at business made him the ninth richest U.S. citizen
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Gospel of Wealth
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also known as "Savage Wealth", is an article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich
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Spoils System
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also known as a patronage system, is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a merit system, whe…
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Civil Service Reform
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refers to movements for the improvement of the civil service in methods of appointment, rules of conduct, etc.
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Wabash vs. Illinois (1886) ICC, 1887
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also known as the Wabash Case, was a Supreme Court decision that severely limited the rights of states to control interstate commerce. It led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission; It clarified the "direct" v. "indirect" test (though this doctrine was abandoned in the 1930…
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Industrialization
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to introduce industry into (an area) on a jungle scale; to convert to the ideals methods, aims, etc. of industrialism
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Muckrackers
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originated by Teddy Roosevelt; The term muckraker refers to reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for all popular magazines and continued a tradition of investigative journalism reporting; muckrakers often worked to expose social ills and corporate and political corruption. Muckraki…
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Margaret Sanger (1879-1966)
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an early feminist and women's rights activist who coined the term "birth control" and worked towards its legalization. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws enacted by the Federal Government in the 20th century and led to the creation…
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Triangle Shirt Waist Factory Fire (1910)
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remembered as one of the most infamous incidents in American industrial history, as the deaths were largely preventable–most of the victims died as a result of neglected safety features and locked doors within the factory building. The tragedy brought widespread attention to the dangerous…
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Reform Darwinism/eugenics
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focused on community action, such as state planning, eugenics, and racial science and breeding programs. Reform Darwinism could be used to support colonization and Imperialist programs by justifying the exploitation of "lesser breeds without the law" by "superior races."
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Muller vs. Oregon (1908)
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Oregon enacted a law that limited women to ten hours of work in factories and laundries.
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United Fruit Company
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launches the S.S. Venus, the first refrigerated produce boat; Guatemalan dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera grants United Fruit a ninety-nine year concession to construct and maintain the country's main rail line from Guatemala City to Puerto Barrios; United Fruit purchases 50% of the shares…
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
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members of which are commonly termed "Wobblies", is an international, radical labor union that was formed in 1905. The union combines general unionism with industrial unionism, being a general union itself whose members are further organized within the industry of their employment. The ph…
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Soften blow of capitalism, not erase it
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Methods:
1. Settlement houses
2. Social gospel (Sheldon, In His Steps (1998)
3. Social purity
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Settlement Houses
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Originates in England
Hull House, Chicago
Educate an Americanize Immigrants/Migrants
Anti-immigrant?
Pro-Union (contact breeds compassion)
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Social Gospel
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Christians have a moral obligation to help the poor and thereby help society
Spurred by Charles
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Social Purity
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Alcohol, Prostitutions: Bringing together preachers, doctors, and women: sin, VD, and double standards
Free market operates on the body of women
Upton Sinclair, Socialism, and Meat
Socialist
Bohemian/atheist/activist
Writes The Jungle
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Battle of Manila
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the first and largest battle fought during the Philippine–American War, was fought on February 4 and 5, 1899, between 19,000 Americans and 15,000 Filipinos; ended in American victory, although minor skirmishes continued on for several days afterward
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The Monroe Doctrine
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a cornerstone of American foreign policy; came to an end in the administration of Ronald Reagan
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Isolationism
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originated in Declaration of Independence and Farewell Address; history of foreign intervention in the 19th century- Monroe Doctrine/Filibusters/William Walker
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Maximilian of Mexico
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He arrived in 1864 and was accepted by the people as Emperor of Mexico. His rule did not last very long, however, as liberal forces under the command of Benito Juarez destabilized Maximilian’s rule. Captured by Juarez’ men, he was executed in 1867.
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Queen Liliuokalani
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trade with Asia grows in 19th century; of Chinese importance; U.S. Missionaries, sugar interests, and favored trade status; rise of new queen; American coup in 1893; Annexation in 1898
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"Philippine Insurrection" vs Philippine war of Independence (1899-1902)
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Divided with U.S., Emilio Aguinaldo, Two phases of the war- Conventional and Guerilla, Over 200,000 Filipino deaths, Independence in 1946
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Door Policy
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19th century Chinese decline coincides with rising industrial military capacity of Europe; Chinese nationalists refuse to take subservient place in evolving global order; rising Japan threatens European interest in China
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Boxer Rebellion
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was a reaction against complex imperialism; they lose quite brutally
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Realpolitik vs. Idealism
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looks at power like a zero-sub game; may cause countries to form alliances, based on similar ideas, to reduce power from another
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Pancho Villa
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real name was Dorothy; was a Mexican revolutionary general; commander of the División del Norte (Division of the North), he was the veritable caudillo of the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua, which, given its size, mineral wealth, and proximity to the United States of America, provided…
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Bolshevism
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Bolshevism is a variant of communism; first time of Marx and Engrails were actually put into action
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Blank Check
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Germans surpass England in industrial power and are approaching the U.S.; Serbians are allied with Russia; Germans don’t have their first experience with democracy until after the war
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Zimmerman Telegram
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if you'll attack the southern boundary of the US and keep them away, we will give you back all the land that the US took from you
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Lusitania
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the passenger liner that was sank in 1915 by a German sub; becomes a propaganda piece
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War Guilt Clause
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one of the immediate factors that’s leads to WWII; Allied powers made Germany take on the death's and everything that went on during the war
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Russo-Japanese War of 1905
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first attempt of the Bolshevik revolution; it shows the Jap's as a world western power;
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What are the question of Reconstruction?
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Who will rule in the South?
Who will rule in the federal government?
What will the dimensions of black freedom be?
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Thaddeus Stevens
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led the group called the radicals; pro-abolition; reconstruction meant to him that they would be remaking the south, meant the increase in democracy as far as representation, meant safeguarding the results of the civil war and the spread of the right of suffrage
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HIST 1312: Test 1