HIST 1312 Exam # 1 Three possible essay questions will be on the exam. They are as follows. In addition, there are25 multiple choice questions that can cover any of the essay question material.This review is given in outline form rather than in questions since you need to know the outlined material and be able to write about it on the exam. **As a quick note, if you run out of time to write your essay, in the last ten minutes of class, outline your answer and you will receive credit for what is outlined.On this outline, you do not need to know any more specifics than what is listed. This review ismeant as a brief list to show what needs to be included in the essays as a broad scope. It doesnot need to be in any more detail that what is included.Exam Question 1Discuss the transformation of the United States from 1877-1900.Transformation of U.S. (1877-1900)Settling of the Westno people are going west because no railroad out there, so the railroad is builtcongress funds building of transcontinental railroadstate govs promote building of rails north and south of transcontresistance from indians with building of army so army is sent outindians right the battle of Little Big Horn (Custer's last stand-army surprised and beaten) and the battle of Wounded knee (breaks indian resistance)Buffalo hunters : approxamentally 171 million buffalo and by the time thisis ended, theyare almost extinct (let her know you understand the severity of this in terms of how serious this was for the indians, food, etc.) - only took hides and tongueMiners : Number one ore being mined is #1 copper (excellent conductor of current - during electrical age)Ranchers : open range, cattle drives, talk about how all this changes with invention of barbed wire (closes range) and they rely on trains to take their cattle to marketFarmers : 160 acres (Homestead Act [160 acres for free live there for 5 years, build a ten y twelve structure with a door and window, couldn't have take up arms against US], timber culture act [160 acres for free, plant 1/4 of land in trees to act as awind break against fertile top soil blowing away], Timber and Stone Act [160 acres for1.75-2.25 per acre, money is used for irrigation projects to bring water to these areas]), gov involved in water management (dams, lakes, irrigation, etc.)Rise of CityBig Issuesnumber one problem is sanitation - sewer systems, incinerators for trash, pave the streetsCrime and Fire - creation of professional fire and police departmentsRise of TransportationSubway - BostonSuspension Bridge - New York City (Steel is cheap and easy to use)Overhead rail - ChicagoCable Car - San Francisco CommunicationTelephone - Alexander Graham BellMarconi's Wireless - used for shipsLiterature booms during this time because of the international copyright agreementRise of Big Business (Gilded Age)Carnegie - steelRockefeller - oilMorgan - bankinggov passes legislation that puts in a very high protective tariff that allows for the rise of big business Vertical and Horizontal monopolies - vertical has all means of production (Carnegie was one of the first to create a vertical monopoly, Rockefeller had both vertical and horizontal), horizontal controls all means of distribution up tothe userImmigrationTenementsDennis Kearney - irishman who came from ireland and landed in San Francisco and saw the clash for jobs, gets chinese exclusion act to be passed (first restrictive immigration act in US history)Jacob Riis - wrote how the other half lives (included black and white photographs about the families and the tenement houses), exposes degragation of tenantsJane Addams - Hull house (informs immigrants about scams, how to read and write english, political rallies and meetings, etc.)LaborMolly McGuires - first to go vigilanty Irish coal miners give bad image for the public of the workersHaymarket Square Riot - between workers and police (8 officers killed, gives worse impression of organized labor)Homestead strike - Carnegie's steel company, workers sit in, National guard called in (Gave rise to public libraries)Pullman Strike - sleeping car company, took place during panic of 1893, 100% of union workers went on strike, Sherman anti-trust act used against the workers (originally meant for outlaw of monopolies, but Supreme Court said 100%was the only thing that qualified as monopoliesMoney and Financeprotective tariff keeps going up and upCrime of 1873 - demonitarization of silverCoin's financial school - U.S. gov will go bankrupt if 100 mill is not in the treasuryExam Question 2This Question is more specific and deals with the populist party. What are they, what laws were passed, and what were their ideas?Know the 15 points that are provided online and the bills that were passed with them. This is an online resource you have access to through Student Access.Who were they?angry frustrated farmers, miners, and laborers What their ideas were, how they were enacted, and what happened to the party?Know the 15 points that are provided online** If you don't want to use dates, then you have to say either at the beginning or the end that these ideas were so radical that none of them were enacted until after the populist party disbands and they were enacted in the first half of the 20th century **Why did they disband?They did not support a standing military and navy after the Spanish American war, they were considered un-patrioticExam Question 3This essay question deals with the Spanish-American Warmake sure information is included about legislation and treatiesdeclaration of war, teller amendment, treaty between US and Cubaguaranteed Cuba's independence Background to Cuban Independence movementNewspaper wars - Hearst and Pulitzer (Yellow Journalism)Getting into the WarTeddy Roosevelt order to commodore DeweyEasy of defeat since we had modernized navyvolunteer groups - Rough RidersMcKinley Heights and San Juan Hill battlesonly 8 weeks longWhat impact did it have on American societyDemise of populist partyAmerica became a world power and now in a race with Germany and Japan to see who will be the next big one after BritainHow did we become an imperial power (Puerto Rico and Guam)Philippines to protect