49 Cards in this Set
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Which of the following terms is INCORRECTLY defined?
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Homozygous: carrying two different alleles for a particular gene
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Pea plants were particularly well suited for use in Mendelʹs breeding experiments for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that...
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peas have an unusually long generation time.
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What is the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?
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A dihybrid cross involves examining inheritance patterns of two characters, whereas a monohybrid cross examines only one character.
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It was important that Mendel examined not just the F1 generation in his breeding experiments, but the F2
generation as well, because...
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parental traits that were not observed in the F1 reappeared in the F2.
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How many UNIQUE gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBB?
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2
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Mendelʹs observation of the segregation of alleles in gamete formation has its basis in which of the following phases of cell division?
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Anaphase I of meiosis
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Mendelʹs second law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of meiosis?
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Random alignment of paired homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate during metaphase I
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In pea plants, smooth (S) peas are dominant over wrinkled (s) peas in the single gene controlling pea texture. A plant with smooth peas is crossed with a plant with wrinkled peas. Of the progeny, 252 are smooth and 247 are wrinkled. What are the genotypes of the parent plants?
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Ss and ss
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The results of three separate crosses (A through b. are shown below. Which of the following statements describing the crosses is TRUE?
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Cross A represents the patterns of dominance reported by Mendel.
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Given that the wildtype (or normal) version of the gene is designated CF and the mutant version is designated cf, if mom’s genotype is CFCF and dad’s genotype is CFcf, then...
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their children may be carriers.
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Suppose your father has type B blood and your mother has type O blood. You have your blood tested and learn that you have type O blood. What does this information tell you?
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Your father’s genotype must be IBi and your mother’s genotype must be ii.
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Which of the following is TRUE of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
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Each cell has 8 homologous pairs of chromosomes.
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Which of the following events do NOT occur in prophase of mitosis?
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chromosomes are replicated
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Cohesin complexes...
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hold a chromosomeʹs sister chromatids together.
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The mitotic spindle fibers attach to chromosomes via special structures termed...
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kinetochore
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Which of the following changes best describes meiosis II?
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1n -> 1n
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A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between
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non‐sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
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Which of the following features are unique to meiosis?
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synapsis, recombination, reduction division
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During which phase of meiosis could nondisjunction occur to give rise to gametes with more than one copy of chromosome 21?
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either anaphase I or II
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After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is..
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haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
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IV
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Which picture best depicts what the chromosomes of a daughter cell produced as a result of meiosis II could look like?
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A
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Five essential steps of meiosis are indicated below. Which step(s) also take place in mitosis?
1) formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus 2) alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
3) separation of sister chromatids
4) sepa…
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3: separation of sister chromatids
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of fruit flies for studying genetics?
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flies are expensive to maintain
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Given that white eye color is due to an X‐linked, recessive allele, then which of the following flies is NOT possible?
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Heterozygous, white‐eyed females
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Thomas Hunt Morgan’s experiments provided evidence that did all of the following EXCEPT...
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refute Mendelian genetics
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Red‐green color blindness is a sex‐linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision (C) have a color‐blind son (c). What are the genotypes of the parents?
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XCXc and XCY
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Males are more often affected by sex‐linked traits than females because..
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males have only one X chromosome
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In cats, black fur color is caused by an X‐linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male?
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Tortoiseshell females; black males
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The pedigree shown below depicts females as circles, males as squares, and afflicted individuals as completely filled shapes. This pedigree most likely indicates inheritance of...
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an x-linked recessive trait and a recessive trait
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How would one explain a test cross (a cross in which one parent is double homozygous recessive and the other parent is double heterozygous) in which more parental‐type offspring than recombinant‐type offspring are produced?
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The two genes are linked
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New combinations of linked genes are due to which of the following processes?
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crossing over
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The figure below shows a map with the relative location of four genes on a chromosome. Between which two genes would you expect the LOWEST frequency of recombination?
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W and E
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Which of the following statements about linkage is CORRECT?
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-Linkage refers to the physical association of genes on the same chromosome.
-Two or more genes are linked if they reside on the same chromosome.
-A single gene is sex‐linked if it is located on a sex chromosome.
-Two or more genes may be both linked and sex‐linked if they reside on …
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Heterozygotes of a particular character do not always display the dominant phenotype of that character because...
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incomplete dominance and codominance may occur
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In his work with mice and pneumonia‐causing bacteria, Griffith found that...
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some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
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If 35S was found in progeny phages rather than 32P, Hershey and Chase would have concluded that...
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phage protein enters the host cell.
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______ are the monomers from which a single strand of DNA is constructed.
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nucleotides
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During your summer job at Virotech, you isolate a previously unknown virus. Analysis of its genome reveals that it is composed of a double stranded DNA molecule containing 14% T (thymine). Based on this information, what would you predict the %C (cytosine) to be?
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36%
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What is the complement DNA strand to 5ʹ‐ATTCGGTGA‐3ʹ?
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3ʹ‐TAAGCCACT‐5ʹ
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Which type of bonding holds together the two complementary strands of DNA?
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Hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases
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The information carried by a DNA molecule is in...
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the sequence of the nitrogenous bases in the molecule.
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Which of the following statements about the two complementary strands of a newly replicated DNA molecule is correct?
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One strand is new and the other is from the original (parent) molecule
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Arrange the following proteins in the proper order in which they participate in DNA replication.
1 = Primase
2 = Helicase
3 = Single‐strand binding proteins 4 = DNA polymerase
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2,3,1,4
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Which of the following best describes the addition of nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?
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A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 3ʹ end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate.
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A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction because...
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DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3ʹ end of the new strand of DNA.
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DNA polymerase I ______, whereas DNA polymerase III ______.
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replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides; synthesizes the majority of DNA during DNA replication
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Which of the following best describes the function of telomerase at the telomere?
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It adds new DNA to the longer strand of the telomere overhang
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All of the following are critical factors for DNA replication on the LEADING strand EXCEPT?
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DNA ligase
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BIO 201: TEST 2