61 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
The DNA present in a nucleolus is most likely to be in the form of:
|
2nm fibers
|
|
Proofreading is accomplished through the activity of a(n):
|
3'-5' exonuclease
|
|
Nuclear localization signal
|
lets proteins into the nucleus; rich in basic amino acids (lysine/arginine)
|
|
nuclear export signal
|
rich in Leucine
|
|
stop transfer sequence
|
rich in hydrophobic amino acids
|
|
mitochondrial transit sequence
|
rich in basic amino acids (Lysine/Arginine)
|
|
snRNP
|
(small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) structure found in nuclei of eukaryotic cells that consists of small nuclear RNA and protein, functions in processing of pre-mRNA
|
|
snoRNP
|
Eukaryote, methylate RNA in neucleolus to protect it
|
|
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
|
Site of lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification; calcium storage; steroid biosynthesis; carbohydrate metabolism
|
|
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:
|
Modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins.
|
|
It is possible for cytoskeletal elements to possess NLS
|
Yes
|
|
Translocation
|
Part of a segment goes on a different non-homologous chromosome
|
|
Duplication
|
The repetition of a segment
|
|
deletion
|
part of a chromosome breaks off
|
|
inversion
|
when accidental breaks in chromosomes flip and rejoin
|
|
insertion
|
additions of nucleotide pairs in a gene
|
|
Due to the overall accuracy of DNA replication, most heritable changes in
the genome are the result of external factors like radiation or chemical compounds.
|
false
|
|
Which cytoskeletal elements display polarity
|
f-actin, microtubules
|
|
mut H
|
cleaves hemimethylated DNA
|
|
Mut L
|
recruited to join the complex and activated MutH
|
|
Genes transcribed in the nucleus are necessary for the production of mitochondrial ribosomes
|
yes
|
|
sphingomyelin
|
synthesized in Golgi apparatus; precursor synthesized in SER
|
|
BiP
|
binding protein that hydrolyzes ATP
used in post translational translocation
|
|
replicons
|
point of origin and area of DNA replication
|
|
Perinuclear Space
|
space between inner and outer nuclear membrane
continuous with ER lumen
|
|
nuclear lamina
|
point of attachment for heterochromatin; made of intermediate filaments that are directly under the internal side of the nuclear envelope. They provide support
|
|
Nucleoplasm
|
semi-liquid matrix of the nucleus
|
|
mut S
|
recognition of mismatched base pairs
|
|
SRP
|
Signal Recognition Particle
Blocks translation temporarily until it is docked into the ER
|
|
What does mismatch repair look for?
|
methylated adenine on parent strand
|
|
Energy used to import and export out of nucleus
|
GTP
|
|
mitochondrion
|
|
talk about the role of cytosolic hsp70 and mitochondria hsp 70
|
the protein only partially folded (so can fit through the TOM transporter)
mitochondrial hsp70 asists in the folding process
|
|
When an internal signal sequence has been presented....
|
The N is in the cytoplasm
|
|
When an N-terminal signal sequence has been presented...
|
The N is in the lumen
|
|
unconventional myosin
|
tail fibers are shorter than conventional; one head instead of two
|
|
What is the signal for targeting to lysosome
|
Mannose-6-Phosphate
|
|
interchromosomal domains
|
area between chromosome territories where processing machinery is located
|
|
Eukaryotic rRNA types
|
5s, 5.8s, 18s, 28s
|
|
chaperonin
|
complex in mitochondria that helps proteins to fold properly
|
|
GPI anchor
|
anchors proteins to lipid bilayer
|
|
regulated secretion
|
large amounts of secreted proteins are held in vesicles until needed
|
|
constitutive secretion
|
smaller amounts of secreted proteins are transported out of cell continuously
|
|
nucleation
|
polymerization of g-actin monomers into f -actin
|
|
Signal Sequence
|
sequence of amino acids that moves proteins into the lumen of ER
|
|
where are proteins folded in the eukaryotic cell?
|
lumen of RER
|
|
Sequence of cell cycle
|
G1 (cell growth)
S phase (synthesis of DNA)
G2 (continued cell growth)
M phase (mitosis; cell division)
|
|
sequence of Mitosis
|
prophase (membrane of nucleus dissolves; chromosomes appear)
metaphase (chromosomes aligned in middle of cell)
anaphase (sister chromatids separate)
telophase (nuclear envelope reforms)
cytokinesis (cell divides)
|
|
regions of nucleolus
|
fibrillar region
dense fibrillar region
granular zone
|
|
Fibrillar region
|
site of transcription
|
|
dense fibrillar region
|
site of addition of ribosomal proteins to pre-rRNA
|
|
granular zone
|
site of assembly of ribosomal unites into 40s and 60s subunits, addition of 5s rRNA
|
|
FISH
|
Fluorescence
fluorescence markers to look for specific sequencesInsitu
unalteredHybridization
single stranded probe molecule finds single stranded DNA molecule and hybridize
|
|
how do you determine the number of times a protein spans a membrane?
|
number of stop transfer sequences + number of internal signal sequences
|
|
NOR Region
|
25-30 back to back copies of the 45S gene
|
|
Are snRNPs used with rRNA?
|
No only with mRNA
|
|
Prophase
|
spindle apparatus forms on polar sides of nucleus
Chromosomes condense into compact structures
|
|
Prometaphase
|
Nuclear envelope disintegrates
spindles attach to chromosomes at kinetochores
spindles, with the help of motor proteins, move chromosomes to the center of the cell
|
|
Metaphase
|
chromosomes are lined up between the two spindle poles at metaphase plate
|
|
Anaphase
|
sister chromatids separate completely
|
|
Telophase
|
Nuclear envelope reforms
DNA decondenses
|
MCB 150: Amino Acid Single Letter Abbreviation