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MCB 150: Exam 3
The DNA present in a nucleolus is most likely to be in the form of:
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2nm fibers
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Proofreading is accomplished through the activity of a(n):
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3'-5' exonuclease
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Nuclear localization signal
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lets proteins into the nucleus; rich in basic amino acids (lysine/arginine)
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nuclear export signal
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rich in Leucine
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stop transfer sequence
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rich in hydrophobic amino acids
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mitochondrial transit sequence
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rich in basic amino acids (Lysine/Arginine)
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snRNP
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(small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) structure found in nuclei of eukaryotic cells that consists of small nuclear RNA and protein, functions in processing of pre-mRNA
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snoRNP
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Eukaryote, methylate RNA in neucleolus to protect it
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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Site of lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification; calcium storage; steroid biosynthesis; carbohydrate metabolism
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:
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Modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins.
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It is possible for cytoskeletal elements to possess NLS
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Yes |
Translocation
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Part of a segment goes on a different non-homologous chromosome
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Duplication
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The repetition of a segment
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deletion |
part of a chromosome breaks off
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inversion
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when accidental breaks in chromosomes flip and rejoin
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insertion |
additions of nucleotide pairs in a gene
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Due to the overall accuracy of DNA replication, most heritable changes in
the genome are the result of external factors like radiation or chemical compounds. |
false |
Which cytoskeletal elements display polarity
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f-actin, microtubules
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mut H
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cleaves hemimethylated DNA
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Mut L
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recruited to join the complex and activated MutH
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Genes transcribed in the nucleus are necessary for the production of mitochondrial ribosomes
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yes |
sphingomyelin |
synthesized in Golgi apparatus; precursor synthesized in SER
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BiP |
binding protein that hydrolyzes ATP
used in post translational translocation |
replicons
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point of origin and area of DNA replication
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Perinuclear Space
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space between inner and outer nuclear membrane
continuous with ER lumen |
nuclear lamina
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point of attachment for heterochromatin; made of intermediate filaments that are directly under the internal side of the nuclear envelope. They provide support
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Nucleoplasm
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semi-liquid matrix of the nucleus
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mut S
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recognition of mismatched base pairs
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SRP |
Signal Recognition Particle
Blocks translation temporarily until it is docked into the ER |
What does mismatch repair look for?
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methylated adenine on parent strand
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Energy used to import and export out of nucleus
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GTP |
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mitochondrion
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talk about the role of cytosolic hsp70 and mitochondria hsp 70
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the protein only partially folded (so can fit through the TOM transporter)
mitochondrial hsp70 asists in the folding process |
When an internal signal sequence has been presented....
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The N is in the cytoplasm
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When an N-terminal signal sequence has been presented...
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The N is in the lumen
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unconventional myosin
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tail fibers are shorter than conventional; one head instead of two
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What is the signal for targeting to lysosome
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Mannose-6-Phosphate
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interchromosomal domains
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area between chromosome territories where processing machinery is located
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Eukaryotic rRNA types
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5s, 5.8s, 18s, 28s
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chaperonin
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complex in mitochondria that helps proteins to fold properly
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GPI anchor
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anchors proteins to lipid bilayer
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regulated secretion
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large amounts of secreted proteins are held in vesicles until needed
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constitutive secretion
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smaller amounts of secreted proteins are transported out of cell continuously
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nucleation
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polymerization of g-actin monomers into f -actin
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Signal Sequence
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sequence of amino acids that moves proteins into the lumen of ER
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where are proteins folded in the eukaryotic cell?
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lumen of RER
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Sequence of cell cycle
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G1 (cell growth)
S phase (synthesis of DNA)
G2 (continued cell growth)
M phase (mitosis; cell division) |
sequence of Mitosis
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prophase (membrane of nucleus dissolves; chromosomes appear)
metaphase (chromosomes aligned in middle of cell)
anaphase (sister chromatids separate)
telophase (nuclear envelope reforms)
cytokinesis (cell divides) |
regions of nucleolus
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fibrillar region
dense fibrillar region
granular zone |
Fibrillar region
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site of transcription
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dense fibrillar region
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site of addition of ribosomal proteins to pre-rRNA
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granular zone
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site of assembly of ribosomal unites into 40s and 60s subunits, addition of 5s rRNA
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FISH |
Fluorescence
fluorescence markers to look for specific sequencesInsitu
unalteredHybridization
single stranded probe molecule finds single stranded DNA molecule and hybridize |
how do you determine the number of times a protein spans a membrane?
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number of stop transfer sequences + number of internal signal sequences
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NOR Region
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25-30 back to back copies of the 45S gene
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Are snRNPs used with rRNA?
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No only with mRNA
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Prophase
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spindle apparatus forms on polar sides of nucleus
Chromosomes condense into compact structures |
Prometaphase
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Nuclear envelope disintegrates
spindles attach to chromosomes at kinetochores
spindles, with the help of motor proteins, move chromosomes to the center of the cell |
Metaphase |
chromosomes are lined up between the two spindle poles at metaphase plate
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Anaphase
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sister chromatids separate completely
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Telophase
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Nuclear envelope reforms
DNA decondenses |