64 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Which method of sampling is most effective in preventing bias?
|
random
|
|
A random sample of NFL players are weighed, and their mean weight is found to be 217 lbs. This value is a ____.
|
statistic
|
|
A researcher plans to obtain data by examining the chart history of those in cancer remission since January 2002. What type of study if this?
|
Retrospective
|
|
A set of tools and techniques used for planning experiments, collecting data, describing data and interpreting information. This is ____
|
Statistics
|
|
The distribution of the weights of men in the US is not symmetrical. Most scores are bunched together at the lower end of the distribution. There are relatively few men with very large weights. What is the skew of this distribution?
|
Positively skewed
|
|
Which of the following statements is true of data with an interval level of measurement?
|
Paired with another variable, you can use it to calculate a linear correlation coefficient
|
|
_____ concerns the extent to which multiple items on a test assess the same construct.
|
Internal consistency reliability
|
|
____ is when a participant in an experiment does not know which treatment he or she is receiving.
|
Blinding
|
|
A market researcher selects 500 drivers under 30 years of age and 500 drivers over 30 years of age for a survey on new cars. What type of sampling is being used for this study?
|
Stratified
|
|
What statistics is NOT sensitive to extreme scores in a sample?
|
Median
|
|
The coefficient of determination, or r2, is interpreted as the proportion of the ____ in X accounted for by its ____ to Y
|
variance
relationship
|
|
A diet study provided conclusive evidence that fish oil reduces blood pressure in people with hypertension. This study was ____
|
experimental
|
|
UH researchers recently conducted an experiment in which they manipulated the diet of rats. Some rats were fed a high-fat diet while others received a low-fat diet. After two weeks, the researchers measured body mass, resting heart rate and serum cholesterol. What is the independent varia…
|
Dietary fat control
|
|
What is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to report for this sample data?
|
Median
|
|
What type of graph is used to illustrate a frequency distribution?
|
Histogram
|
|
Mode is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to use when the data is ____.
|
nominal
|
|
The linear correlation coefficient represents ____ and ____ of a relationship between two variables
|
direction
strength
|
|
Casual relationships can be induced from ____ studies.
|
experimental
|
|
What type of graph is most useful for analyzing the relationship between hours of sleep and annual salary?
|
Scatter plot
|
|
____ is a difference between an observed score and a true score that occurs consistently each time a measurement is made.
|
Systematic error
|
|
Validity of a measurement instrument represents the extent to which inferences made from it are ____, meaningful and ____
|
appropriate
useful
|
|
The Texas Board of Professional Engineers hired a panel of experts to assess whether the set of questions on the Professional Engineering licensing exam reflect the body of knowledge- that an engineer needs to have in order to do his or her job competently. The Board is trying to establis…
|
content validity
|
|
College GPA is moderately correlated with salary 10 years after college graduation. This is an example of what type of validity?
|
Predictive validity
|
|
A bag of M&Ms contains 3 red, 2 blue, 1 green and 3 purple M&Ms. If you reach into the bag with your eyes closed and pull one out, what is the probability that it will not be red?
|
5/8
|
|
In the Normal distribution, 95% of the values lie in the range of -1.96<z<1.96. What is the probability of measuring something chosen randomly from a population that is normally distributed and getting a z-score greater than 1.96?
|
2.5%
|
|
Given that 10% of the general population is left-handed, the probability that a group of 44 randomly selected people would contain 8 or more left-handed individuals is exactly 0.068. Consider that 8 of the 44 U.S. presidents have been left-handed. `Conclusive or inconclusive?
|
It is inconclusive that handedness plays a role in who is elected president
|
|
A study concluded that a certain diet supplement reduces body fat if taken daily for 1 week. What was the null hypothesis for this study?
|
The diet supplement has no effect on body fat composition
|
|
is this a non-directional research hypothesis? H1: x1=x1
|
Yes
|
|
The hypothesis, “there is no difference between the reaction of men and women”, can be written symbolically as:
|
H0: u=u
|
|
A test statistic: is ____
|
determined from the data
|
|
Draw a curve representing the frequency distribution of a test statistic and define a region of extreme values that occur only 5% of the time. The critical value marks the threshold between the region of ____ and the rest of the distribution.
|
extreme values
|
|
An investigator analyzed some data and calculated a p-value of 0.0045. this means:
|
the data was very unlikely to occur under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true
|
|
The p-value represents: the probability that the test statistic, or one more unlikely, could happen by unknown chance if ____ is true
|
Ho
|
|
A Type I error is when:
|
you reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true
|
|
The level of significance, represented by the Greek letter alpha, is:
|
the probability of making a Type I error if the null hypothesis is true
|
|
We have decided to conduct an experiment using a random sample of 15 subjects and a level of significance of 0.05. Which of the following modifications will reduce the probability that we will make a Type II error if the null hypothesis is false?
|
Increase the number of subjects to 25
|
|
A one sample z –test is useful for: determining if there is a significant difference between a ____ mean and a ____ mean
|
sample
population
|
|
Would this hypothesis would be used for a one sample z-test? H1: z=u
|
Yes
|
|
You conducted a one sample z-test and obtained a value of z=3.8. What is your conclusion?
|
You should reject the null hypothesis
|
|
In a t-test, degrees of freedom are used when determining:
|
the critical value
|
|
What statement is true about the t-distribution?
|
It can be approximated by the normal curve when degrees of freedom are large
|
|
To determine if there is a significant difference in terms of BMI between a sample of 10 firefighters before and after a diet program you would use a ____
|
t-test for dependent means
|
|
The biggest limitation of Physical Activity Questionnaires is that they:
|
lack objectivity
|
|
What is an appropriate research hypothesis for an ANOVA?
|
H1: at least one group mean is different
|
|
The definition of the F-statistic is: the variance ____ groups divided by the variance ____ groups
|
between
within
|
|
What statement is true about the F-distribution?
|
It is positively skewed
|
|
An ANOVA, the variation between groups represents:
|
how much the group means vary with respect to one another
|
|
How would you express the following research hypothesis symbolically? “Dietary energy density is negatively correlated with body-mass index.”
|
H1: r<0
|
|
For the above data, how would you test the hypothesis that college major is a factor in how much coffee students drink?
|
Do an ANOVA
|
|
The F-score for the coffee data above is 3.15, and according to the table in your textbook, the critical value is F (3, 16) =3.24 (when alpha= 0.05). You should:
|
fail to reject the null hypothesis, because the data is inconclusive
|
|
The test statistic used for testing the hypothesis that there is a correlation between stature and self-esteem is:
|
r
|
|
The test statistic used for testing the hypothesis that there is a correlation between stature and self-esteem is:
|
H0: all group means are different
|
|
Which of the following variables is the best indicator of the health status of a population?
|
Muscular strength
|
|
____ is a measure of how many new cases of a disease occur in a given period of time relative to the size of the population.
|
Incidence
|
|
When the F-score is greater than the critical value in an ANOVA, this means:
|
at least one of the group means is different from the others
|
|
A two-way analysis of variance:
|
tests the main effects of both factors as well as an interaction effect
|
|
Aerobic fitness is negatively correlated with:
|
mortality rate
|
|
Compared to other methods of measuring aerobic fitness, the VO2max test is:
|
most accurate and expensive, involves high risk to subjects and requires a physician’s presence
|
|
How would you safely assess the aerobic fitness of 50 young adults in one afternoon with limited resources?
|
Administer a 1.5 mile run test
|
|
What is the gold standard direct approach to measuring body composition?
|
DXA
|
|
What is a limitation of hydrostatic weighing?
|
Some people have a fear of being submerged in water
|
|
This method is using ____ for determining percent body fat is safe, fast and inexpensive, but it lacks the accuracy of direct methods.
|
skin fold calipers
|
|
The 24 hour food recall for diet measurement: can be administered in less than __ minutes; fairly ____; low subjects ____
|
30
inexpensive
burden
|
|
Which diet assessment method could work best in a study where subjects and researchers communicate only by mail?
|
Food frequency questionnaire
|
KIN 4310: Statistics