CHEM 1110: test 2
22 Cards in this Set
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ideal gas
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no loss of energy
no attraction between particles
particle size in negligible
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Convert Units of Pressure
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1 atm= 760 mm Hg
=760 torr
=101, 325 pascals
=29.92 in. Hg
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Kinetic-Molecular Theory (Kinetic Theory)
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gas molecules:
1. have mass but have negligible volume.
2. constant random motion
3. collisions are perfectly elastic
~if two molecules collide, all energy is transferred to their speeds
4. neither attract or repel
5. average KE is proportional to the kelvin temp.
~two gases at sam…
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure
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Total pressure in a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture.
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Ideal vs. Real Gases
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o real gases often do not behave like ideal gases at high pressure or low temperature
o ideal gas laws assume:
1) no attractions between gas molecules
2) gas molecules do not take up space based on the kinetic molecular theory.
o at low temperatures and high pressures, these assumptio…
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Metathesis Reaction
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An exchange reaction. AB+CD ---> AD+CB
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Redox Reaction
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Short for reduction-oxidation reaction; a chemical reaction in which electrons are lost from one substance (oxidation) and added to another (reduction).
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Net Ionic Equation
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Equation which includes only the ions and molecules directly involved in the reaction
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Precipitation Reaction
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ions of the two reactants 'switch partners'. AX+BY=AY+BX
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Gas-Evolving Reaction
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•Directly from ion exchange
K2S(aq) + H2SO4(aq) ® K2SO4(aq) + H2S(g)
•Decomposition of one of the ion exchange products into a gas and water
K2SO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) ® K2SO4(aq) + H2SO3(aq)
H2SO3(aq) ® H2O(l) + SO2(g)
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combustion reaction
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any hydro-carbon + O2---> CO2 + H2O
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Ionic Bond
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One atom donates one or more electrons to another atom, forming oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
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Covalent bond
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Electron sharing, occurs between nonmetals
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chemical formula
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a notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in the substance
ie. H2O
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Atomic element
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Elements that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic unit
Most elements are atomic
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Molecular element
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Do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. (Diatomic molecules)
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Molecular Compound
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Two or more non-metals which share valence electrons to for a stable bond
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Ionic Compound
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Made from a metal (+ charge) and a nonmetal (- charge)
Use ionic bonds, where atoms stick together because one is positively charged and one is negatively charged
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formula unit
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The simplest cation–anion grouping represented by the formula of an ionic compound; also the collection of atoms represented by any formula.
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polyatomic ion
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a charged particle that forms ionic bonds, but is composed of covalently bonded atoms
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Binary compound
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Compounds composed of two elements
1) compounds that contain a metal and a nonmetal
2) compounds that contain two nonmetals
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oxyanion
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poly atomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
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CHEM 1110: General Chemistry Test 1