GC 170A1: GC final exam
57 Cards in this Set
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All of the following strongly affect surface currents except:
a. surface winds
b. earth's rotation
c. position of the continents
d. global temperatures
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d. global temperatures
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The oceans have absorbed ____% of excess energy
a. 30
b. 60
c. 90
d. 50
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c. 90
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Which of the following is NOT correct about the IPCC?
a. IPCC was formed in 1988, a joint effort by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Program
b. the IPCC conducts its own research
c. The IPCC provides a platform for hundreds of researchers from …
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b. the IPCC conducts its own research
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True or false: the rise in CO2 is not as large as emissions suggest, meaning there may be a missing carbon sink
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true
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Which of the following is not a pool or stock of carbon?
a. burning of fossil fuels
b. marine biota
c. terrestrial vegetation & detritus
d. ocean floor sediment
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a. burning of fossil fuels
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As a result of ocean acidification, coral reefs will become
a. more abundant than algae
b. rare
c. stay the same
d. none of the above
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b. rare
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According to some models, sea level rise may be as much as ____ by 2100
a. 3 meters
b. 1-2 meters
c. 4 meters
d. 5 meters
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b. 1-2 meters
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the trajectory of pop. growth?
a. birth rate
b. death rate
c. sex ratio (male/female)
d. income
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d. income
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What are the factors of IPAT?
a. industry, pollution, agriculture, technology
b. impact, pollution, advancement, technology
c. impact, population, affluence, technology
d. international panels, agriculture, temperature
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c. impact, population, affluence, technology
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On a global scale, approximately what % of commercial energy is supplied by renewable energy?
a. 20
b. 15
c. 30
d. 5
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b. 15%
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How can we "manage the unavoidable"?
a. Ecosystem management
b. Preparedness and resilience
c.. Protecting vulnerable populations
d. All the above
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All the above
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Which of the following is not a renewable energy source?
a. water/ hydropower
b. solar energy
c. nuclear energy
d. wind energy
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c. nuclear energy
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. heating is most intense @ equator
b. the poles have most air pressure
c. surface ocean currents are affected by the sun
d. oceans salty water completes its passage to the Indian/ Pacific Ocean in 1000 years
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c. surface ocean currents are affected by the sun
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Which temp. gradient cell does not generate a global pattern of circulation?
a. Hadley cell
b. Subsidence cell
c. Ferrell Cell
d. Polar cell
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Subsidence cell
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True or false: an ecosystem is an assemblage of organisms along w/ their physical & chemical environment
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True
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Warm air absorbs __ water than cold air. Cold air is ___ dense than warm air.
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Warm air absorbs MORE water than cold air. Cold air is MORE dense than warm air.
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It's important to ___, adapt, & ____ in order to survive the impacts of sea level rise.
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It's important to COPE, adapt, & MITIGATE in order to survive the impacts of sea level rise.
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A degree of heating week (DHW) is 1 week w/ temps above __ (1/2/3)°C above ___ (spring/winter/summer) maximum. Coral bleaching occurs when DHW > __ (2/3/4) & is considered severe when DHW > ___ (5/7/8).
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A degree of heating week (DHW) is 1 week w/ temps above 1°C above summer maximum. Coral bleaching occurs when DHW> 4 & is considered severe when DHW> 8.
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____ (developed, developing) countries must reduce the __ of GHG emissions & the ____ (developed/developing) world must reduce the ____ of GHG emissions. ____ & ____ sources are responsible for a large portion of GHG emissions.
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DEVELOPED countries must reduce the LEVEL of GHG emissions & the DEVELOPING world must reduce the INTENSITY of GHG emissions. INDUSTRIAL & TRANSPORT sources are responsible for a large portion of GHG emissions.
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Thermohaline circulation is driven by changes in:
a. surface-water density and temperature
b. surface-water salinity
c. deep-water density
d. deep-water salinity
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a. surface-water density and temperature
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Which of the following is NOT true?
a. warm waters of the western Pacific reach far to the east during El Niño events
b. El Niño events release energy and La Niña events store energy
c. El Niño creates a change in air and ocean currents that happens every 6 months
d. El Niño and La …
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c. El Niño creates a change in air and ocean currents that happens every 6 months
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The Venn Diagram represents the components of climate risk which are:
a. Population, Exposure and Vulnerability
b. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability
c. Extreme Events, Direct Exposure, and Indirect Exposure
d. Pollution, Water Bourne Diseases and Heat Waves
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b. Hazards, exposure, and vulnerability
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Pacific Decadal Oscillation
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Affects global temperature & correlates well w/ global temp prior to the impact of GHG emissions, but can’t explain the underlying upward trend in global temperature today
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Which of the following is related to INDIRECT exposure?
a. Heat waves
b. respiratory, water and vector-borne diseases
c. droughts
d. wildfires
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b. respiratory, water, and vector-borne diseases
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Phenological mismatch
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When the timing of the availability of a resource changes in response to climate change, but the timing of the demand for the resource does not change
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The main reason for the seasonal variation in the Keeling curve is primary due to
A. Seasonality in solar radiation
B. Seasonality in plant uptake of CO2
C. Seasonality in our CO2 emissions
D. All of the above
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C. Seasonality in our CO2 emissions
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The seasonal variation in the Keeling curve is strongest
A. In the Northern Hemisphere
B. In the Southern Hemisphere
C. At the equator
D. Equally strong at all latitudes
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A. In the Northern Hemisphere
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The impacts of atmospheric CO2 increase on oceans include
A. Ocean acidification, spatial extent of pH changes and effect on marine life
B. Change in dissolved C concentration
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A or B
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C. Both A and B
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What is the chemical equation for the production of Carbonic acid in oceans?
A. CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3 + H+
B. H2SO4 + H2O ---> HSO4- + H3O+
C. CO2 + CO32- + H2O ---> 2HCO3 –
D. None of the above
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A. CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3 + H+
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Which country is represented by the only dot in the gray area in the bottom right corner of the sustainable development graph?
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Cuba
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According to the IPAT equation, which factor does NOT directly influence the impact of humans on their environment?
a. human pop. size
b. human pop. affluence
c. demographic transition
d. technological advances
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c. demographic transition
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Which of the following is correct?
a. With higher literacy rates for females, birth rates decrease.
b. With higher literacy rates for females, birth rates increase
c. Female literacy rates do not affect birth rates.
d. The effect of literacy on birth rate is unclear.
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a. with higher literacy rates for females, birth rates decrease
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Which region has the largest proven oil reserves?
a. North America
b. Eurasia
c. Antarctica
d. Middle East
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d. Middle East
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In recent past decades, overall global pop. rates have
a. increased
b. decreased
c. stayed more or less the same, but they are projected to increase in the coming decades
d. stayed more or less the same, but they are projected to decrease in the coming decades
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b. decreased
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Which of the following is incorrect?
a. The effect of thermal expansion is difficult to project
b. The effect of melting ice is indeterminate due to uncertainties in ice sheet and glacier dynamics
c. Areas of the US, Mexico, and Cuba will be affected by a rise of just 100 cm
d. Recent…
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a. The effect of thermal expansion is difficult to project
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At the end of the 19th century, global pop. was aprrox. 1 billion. Assuming an exponential growth and a growth rate of 1%, how long did it take for the population to double?
a. approximately 30 years
b. approximately 70 years
c. approximately 50 years
d. approximately 100 years
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b. approximately 70 years
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Which of the following fossil fuels is most polluting?
a. oil
b. gas
c. coal
d. they are all equally polluting
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c. coal
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On a global scale, approximately what % of commercial energy is supplied by non- fossil energy resources?
a. 2%
b. 15%
c. 30%
d. 45%
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b. 15%
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What is the largest contributor to sea level rise?
a. Thermal expansion of water when heated
b. Melting of sea ice
c. Melting of glaciers on land
d, increased runoff from stronger precipitation events
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a. thermal expansion of water when heated
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What does SMART stand for?
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Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, deliverable on Time
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Sink (sequestration)
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natural (plant)
synthetic vegetation
ocean: increasing CO2 sink by feeding iron to phytoplankton (carbon-fixing algae)
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Geo-engineering
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Deliberate large scale engineering/ manipulation of planetary environment to counteract anthropogenic climate change
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Solar radiation management
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Volcanoes: aerosols
Anthropogenic aerosols in upper layer of stratosphere
Global dimming
Oceanic cloud machines
Satellite solar mirror
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Bottoms up approach
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GHG emission legislation enacted Kyoto protocol
California: vehicle emission regulation
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Mitigation
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Avoiding the unmanageable
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Adaptation
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Managing the unavoidable
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Solar radiation management fails to address...
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The acidification of oceans
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Geo-engineering is...
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a last resort that cannot reduce the buildup of CO2
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Is nuclear power a renewable source?
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NO
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The generation of renewable energy...
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Is growing rapidly, but demand for energy is also growing rapidly
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The safety record for nuclear power is...
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the best of all major sources of power
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Global heat transfer
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Net gain in energy at low latitudes
Net loss in energy at high latitudes
Energy imbalance establishes a temp gradient between the poles and the tropics
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Convection
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warm air rises
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Subsidence
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cold air sinks
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The polar front is a
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dynamic boundary between contrasting polar and subtropical air masses
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Which of the following affect surface ocean currents?
a. The Coriolis effect
b. coastline boundaries
c. all of the above
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c. all the above
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Density increases when
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salinity increases
temperature decreases
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GC 170A1: EXAM 1