CHEM 101B: chem 101 test 3
23 Cards in this Set
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If delta G is positive, the reaction is...
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non spontaneous (endergonic) and energy must be consumed,
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If delta G is negative, the reaction is...
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spontaneous
(exergonic) and energy is released
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anabolic pathways
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Couple the synthesis of energy
Hydrolysis of ATP
Energy requiring
Muscle contraction, transport, and synthesis of cellular compounds, photosynthesis
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Anabolic/Catabolic
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Anabolic: energy requiring
gluconeogenesis, glycogenisis
Catabolic: releases energy
glycolysis, glycogenolysis
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L/D isomer
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OH on left of the carbon (L)
OH on the right (D)
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oxidized/ reduced
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usually double bonded to Oxygen
has more H+ after
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ATP hydrolysis
ATP+ H2O -->
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ADP+Pi+7.31 kcal
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AMP
ADP
ATP
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1 phosphate
2 phosphate
3 phosphate
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pI
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The pH of a molecule at which it contains no net electric charge; isoelectric point.
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Glycosidic bond
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A covalent bond (-C-O-C-) that links two monosaccharides (sugars) together.
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fermentation
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from
NADH/H+ --> NAD+
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CAC results
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12 ATP total (9 NADH, 3 FADH2)
3 NADH (step 3,4,8)
1 GTP (step 5)
1 FADH2 (step 6)
releases 2 CO2 (step 3,4)
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Acetyl-S-CoA is a reactant in which metabolic pathway or reaction?
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Citric Acid Cycle
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Acetyl-S-CoA is a product of which metabolic pathway?
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction
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How many molecules of CO2 are produced from the complete oxidation of one acetyl-S-CoA?
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2
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anaerobic conditions
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pyruvate is reduced to lactate
increase the NAD+
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aerobic (oxygen-rich) conditions
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pyruvate is converted to acetyl-SCoA by the pyruvate dehyrogenase complex in the mitochondria
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fermentation
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pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde
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Glucose Metabolism and Energy Production
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Insulin released when blood glucose concentration rises, stimulates glycogenesis
Glucagon is released when blood glucose conc. drops
Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen to glucose
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during starvation
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Insulin falls, glucagon rises
Liver mobilizes glycogen
Glucose can be synthesized from non carbohydrate sources through gluconeogensis.
Cori cycle provides pyruvate for the liver from lactate
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How many ATP must be invested in the early reactions of glycolysis?
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2
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glycolysis
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(anaerobic) The pathway in which a cell breaks down glucose into energy.
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net equation of Glycolysis
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production of 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATPs, and 2 NADH/H+s.
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CHEM 101B: chem 101 test 3