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HLTH 335: CHAPTER 7
How much blood in avg. adult
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5 |
Formed elements
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Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
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Plasma composes _% of blood
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55%
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How much plasma is water
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90-92%
Remainder is dissolved substances
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3 plasma proteins
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Albumin
Globulin
Fibronogen
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Albumin
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Helps transport fatty substances
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Globulin
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3 types
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Fibrinogen
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blood clotting protein
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Gives blood red color
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Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)
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RBC per cubic mm of blood
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5 million RBC
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Avg adult has _ RBC
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35 trillion RBC
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_ has more RBC
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Males
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RBC life span
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120 Days
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RBC's bring
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oxygen to body tissues
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Essential nutrients for RBC synthesis
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Iron
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
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Anemia
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Conditions that decrease RBCs
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hypoxia
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lack of oxygen
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Iron Deficiency anemia
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Most common cause of anemia worldwide
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w/o enough iron, body fails to synthesize
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hemoglobin
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Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia
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craving for ice
swelling of the tongue
dry lips
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Reduction in RBC is called
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hypochromia
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Vitamin C
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enhances iron absorption
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IDA in pregnant of developed nations
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23%
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IDE in pregnant women in developing nations
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52%
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IDE Pre-school Developed
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20%
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IED pre-school developing
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39%
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severe anemia is considered
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40% of pregnant population
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Anemia of Chronic Disease
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2nd leading cause of anemia
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Intrinsic factor
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A deficiency in a specific protein
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intrinsic factor is produced
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in stomach & B12 is absorbed in the small intestine
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Pernicious anemia aka
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
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Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
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without b12 & intrinsic factor, membranes of immature RBC rupture easily in blood stream
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Etiology of Pernicious anemia
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Inadequate diet
Increased requirements & excretion of B12
Strict vegetarianism
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What 2 B12 foods can be eaten by vegetarian
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Bran & tofu
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Symptoms of pernicious anemia
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abdominal distress: nausea/vomit
Burning of tongue
Neurological disturbances
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b12 supplementation necessary for
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Strict vegetarians
Chronic bowel disorders
Stomach/bowel removed
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Folic acid deficiency anemia
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in West
Low consumption of raw fruits/veggies
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Folic acid deficiency anemia at-risk
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pregnant/lactating
alcoholics
kidney diseased
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Hemolytic anemia
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reduction in circulating RBC caused by destruction of red blood cells
Increased serum levels of bilirubin
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Polycythemia
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RBC mass is increased
2 types
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Relative polycythemia
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due to loss of plasma volume
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Absolute polycythemia
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aka: polycytma vera
A rise in RBC mass + increase in WBC & platelets
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Bleeding disorders aka
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Hemostasis
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Hemostasis
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result from platelet dysfunction/deficiency, vitamin K deficiency, & clotting factor deficiencies
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Disorders of Hemostatis
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Thrombocytopenia
Iodpathic Thromboytopenic Purpura
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Thrombocytopenia
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smal # of platelets
can cause spontaneous hemorrhages
can be corrected by treating underlying cause
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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Excess destruction of platelets
Common in kids <5
Can be resolved in a few weeks if treated promptly
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Neutropenia
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Reduction of circulating neutrophils
complication after chemo
treatment depends on cause & severity
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Idiopathic hypereosiophilic syndrome
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increase in eosinophils
produces congestive heart failure, valvuar disfunction
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Onset of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
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20-50 in males
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