PSYCH 212: 3.3 KEY TERMS
35 Cards in this Set
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A-not-b error
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The error made when an infant selects a familiar hiding place (A) for an object rather than a new hiding place (B), even after the infant has seen the object hidden in the new place.
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Aphasia
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A disruption in the ability to understand and produce language.
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Babbling
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The child's first vocalizations that have the sounds of speech.
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Broca's aphasia
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An aphasia caused by damage to Broca's area and characterized by difficulty speaking.
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Cooing
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Prelinguistic vowel like sounds that reflect feelings of positive excitement.
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Deep structure
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The underlying meanings in a language.
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Deferred imitation
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The imitation of people and events that occurred in the past.
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Echolalia
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The automatic repetition of sounds or words.
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Expressive language style
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The use of language primarily as a means for engaging in social interaction.
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Expressive vocabulary
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The number of words one can use in the production of language.
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Extinction
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Decrease in frequency of a response due to absence of reinforcement.
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Holophrase
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A single word that is used to express complex meanings.
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Information-processing approach
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The view of cognitive development that focuses on how children manipulate sensory information or information stored in memory.
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Intonation
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The use of pitches of varying levels to help communicate meaning.
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Language acquisition device
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Neural prewiring that eases the child's learning of grammar.
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Mean length of utterance
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The average number of morphemes used in an utterance.
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Model
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In learning theory, a person whose behaviors are imitated by others.
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Morpheme
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The smallest unit of meaning in a language.
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Object permanence
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Recognition that objects continues to exist when they're not in view.
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Overextension
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The use of words in situations in which their meanings become extended.
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Prelinguistic vocalization
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A vocalization made by a infant before the use of language.
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Primary circular reactions
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The repetition of actions that first occurred by chance and that focus on the infant's own body.
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Psycholinguistic theory
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The view that language learning involves an interaction between environmental influences and an inborn tendency to acquire language.
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Referential language style
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The use of language primarily as a means of labeling objects.
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Receptive vocabulary
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The number of words one understands.
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Secondary circular reactions
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The repetition of actions that produce an effect on the environment.
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Sensorimotor stage
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Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, which lasts through infancy and is generally characterized by increasingly complex coordination of sensory experiences with motor activity.
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Sensitive period
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The period from about 18 months of age to puberty when the brain is especially capable of learning language.
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Shaping
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Gradual building of complex behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations to the target behavior.
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Surface structures
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The superficial grammatical constructions in a language.
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Syntax
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The rules in a language for placing words in order to form sentences.
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Telegraphic speech
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A type of speech in which only the essential words are used.
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Tertiary circular reactions
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The purposeful adaption of established schemes to new situation.
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Visual recognition memory
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The kind of memory shown in a infant's ability to discriminate previously seen objects from novel objects.
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Wernicke's aphasia
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An aphasia caused by damage to Wernicke's area and characterized by impaired comprehension of speech and difficulty producing the right word.
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PSYCH 212: EXAM 4/FINAL