PSYCH 212: EXAM 4/FINAL
30 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
---|---|
Concrete operations
|
3rd stage of piagetian cognitive development; logical but not abstract thinking
|
Space and causality
|
cognitive advances in concrete operations
-better understanding of spatial relations
-ex. can give directions
|
Categorization
|
-cognitive advance in concrete operations
- includes seriation and transitive inference and class inclusion
|
Seriation
|
ability to order items along a dimension
-ex. smaller to big etc.
|
Transitive inference
|
understanding of the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object
ex bobby is shorter than tom, tom is shorter than phil etc.
|
class inclusion
|
understanding of the relationship between a whole and its parts
|
Inductive reasoning
|
moving from particular observation to a general conclusion
- up-bottom
-ex. assimilation
|
Deductive reasoning
|
moving from general premise to conclusion about a particular member(s) of the class
-bottom up
-ex. accomidation
|
Deductive reasoning
|
identity, reversibility, decenter
|
horizontal decalage
|
inability to transfer learning about one type of conservation to other types
ex. mastering conservation of volume but not physical conservation
|
numbers and math
|
by age 6 or 7 many can count in their heads, concrete operational
|
count on
|
ability to add by counting
|
Moral reasoning
|
piagets predictions of stages of moral development
|
stages of moral reasoning
|
1st stage (2-7)
-preoperational
-rigid to authority, rules cannot be changed or bent
2nd stage (7-11)
-Concrete operational stage
-increasing flexibility, considers intent and beginning of equity
-allocentric
3rd stage (11-12 yrs) formal op.
-equity
-takes specific circumsta…
|
WISC IV
|
wechsler intelligence scale for children
ages 6-16 yrs
|
4 indices of the WISC
|
1) verbal comprehension
2) perceptual reasoning; no verbal; visual learning
3)Processing speed; speed at which the right answer is given
4) working memory; measure of short term memory
|
4 Basic standards for categorizing a psychological disorder
|
1) Statistical infrequency (rare)
2)Disability or Dysfunction: interfere with ability to function in own life and society
3) Personal Distress: ex cyberbullying
4) Violation of Norms: ex. biopolar
|
DSM IV
|
the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th edition
|
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorders
|
the inability to NOT disrupt; problems with impulse control
problems with delayed gratification
only small percentage of school aged children (3-5%)
usually present before 7 yrs
learning disabilities and ADHD or HD more problematic for boys
|
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorders
|
defiance; negative, disobedient, hostile towards others and authority
resentful, spiteful, constantly testing limits and verbal/physical aggression
|
Conduct disorders (CD)
|
basic rights of others are violated
more prevelant in urban than rural
males: physically aggressive
females: eating disorders, mutilation, lying, drug us, prostitution
|
psychotherapy
|
use of psychological techniques to treat cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal problems
|
biomedical therapy
|
use of medications and other medical therapies to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders
|
biomedical therapy
|
individual or family psychotherapy
-assumes problems are due to maladaptive patterns of thinking
-focus is on recognition and alteration of unhealthy thinking patterns
|
play art therapy
|
allows the child to describe what is troubling them without feeling the need or pressure to put into words, avoid direct confrontaton
|
behavior therapy/modification
|
use conditioning principles (classical/operant)
-goal = rid maladaptive behaviors and promote beneficial ones
|
token economy
|
based on operant conditioning
giving children rewards for good behavior
|
Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
|
treats anxiety, depression, compulisive and disruptive disorders
increase the amount of serotonin in the brain
|
Adulthood is a ____________ ___________ term
|
socially constructed
|
what is puberty?
|
social: a process that leads to sexual maturity
physical: physical ability to reproduce
psychosocial: transition period from child to adulthood
|