BIOL 152: Animal Diversity
34 Cards in this Set
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spina bifida
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congenital neural tube defect
caused by the incomplete closure of the fetus's spine during early pregnancy
lack of FOLIC ACID DURING PREGNANCY
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CHORDATE
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MEMBER OF THE PHYLUM CHORDATA, ANIMALS THAT AT SOME POINT DURING THEIR DEVELOPMENT HAVE A NOTOCHORD; A DORSAL, HOLLOW NERVE CHORD; PHARYNGEAL SLITS OR CLEFTS; AND A MUSCULAR, POST-ANAL TAIL.
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Chondrichthyes
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jawed fishes with cartilaginous skeletons
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actinopterygii
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ray finned fish with bony rays supporting fins
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Actinistia
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Coelacanths (bone and muscle in pectoral fins)
Outgroup to tetrapods(lobe finned)
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Echinoderms
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Coelomates, deuterostomes
sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, urchins, sand dollars
bilaterally symmetrical larvae
five part adult body plan
water vascular system
sister group to chordates
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Coelomate
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An animal with a true body cavity completely lined by mesoderm, the layers of which connect dorsally and ventrally to form mesenteries.
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Cnidaria
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- Corals, jellies, hydras
- Diploblastic, radial symmetry
- Gastrovascular cavity w/single opening that is the mouth and anus
-medusa=sexual/motile, polyp=asexual/sessile(immobile)
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partial metamorphosis
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juveniles resemble adults and change gradually as they grow; molt to new stages; last molt produces a reproductive adult
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complete metamorphosis
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adult looks and functions differently from a larva
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Craniates
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-chordates with heads
-have a skull and a brain
-more active
-more extensive musculature
-have neural-crest cells
-includes vertebrates and hagfishes
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vertabrate
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animal with a backbone; bilaterally symmetrical and have an endoskeleton
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Gnathostomes
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Animals with jaws (jawed fish and other vertebrates)
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Osteichthyans
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Bony Fish
Have an ossified endoskeleton, have lungs or lung derivatives
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Lobe Fins
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A series of rod-shaped bone in their muscular pectoral and pelvic fins.
Three lineages:
Coelacanth: deep sea dweller thought to be extinct.
Lungfishes: represented by a few southern hemispheres that inhabit stagnant waters.
Tetrapods: adapted to life on land during the mid-devonian an…
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Tetrapods
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Amphibians and amniotes
-4 limbs with feet and digits
- neck mobile head
No gill slits
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Amniotes
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-All tetrapods except amphibians
-Synapomorphy: amniotic egg as reproductive structure
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Urochordata
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tunicates
Notochord in larvae. Adult covered in opaque "tunic."
Most chordate synapomorphies are lost upon maturity.
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Tunicates
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-non vertebrate chordate
-larva is free swimming
-adult is sessile and bag like
-both stages are filter feeders
-pharynx serves in both feeding and respiration
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Metazoa
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Multicellular animals; a major division of the animal kingdom
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Eumetazoa
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- innovation tissues-- specialized cells
- have true tissues and different types of organs
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Bilateria
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Animals that can be divided along a vertial plane at the midline to create two halves.
Two types: Protosomes or duterosomes
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Deuterostomia
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First opening of blastopore becomes anus
Echinodermata, Chordata
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Lophotrochozoa
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-Flatworms, rotifers, lophophorates, mollusks, and annelids
-Bilaterally symmerical
-Split into coelomates and acoloelomates
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ecdysozoa
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protostomes
-members shed their cuticle as they grow (molting)
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Porifera
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Sponges
Multicellular, but not organized into tissues
Asymmetric or irregular symmetry
Filter feeders
Choanocytes with flagella
Amoeboid cells
Spicules
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ctenophora
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comb jellyfish.
Eumetazoa
transparent, bioluminescent
gellatinous. self fertilize
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Platyhelminthes
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Flatworm
Organ system level
Bilateral,Triploblastic
Gastrovascular cavity-acoelomate
Hydrostatic skeleton
Cephalization
Feed-pharynx
Gas exchange-diffusion
No circulatory system
sexually Hermaphroditic
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tape worm
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is a flat worm parasite
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Nematoda
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Often parasitic - pinworm, hookworm, trichinella
Cylindrical body, not segmented
Alimentary canal
No circulatory system
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Rotifera
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Lophotrochozoans
pseudocoelomate
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Mollusca
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Eumetazoa, Bilateria, Protostomia, Lophotrochozoa
3 components of body plan: foot, mantle, visceral mass of organs
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Annelida
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invertebrate phylum of segmented worms, such as earthworms, have hemoglobin
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Arthropoda
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insects, spiders, mites, crabs shrimp, and centipedes
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BIOL 152: Notes