BIOL 100: Exam 1
43 Cards in this Set
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ribosomes
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granular bodies in cytoplasm, copy info in segments of dna to provide instructions for construction of protiens
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cell wall
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ridged outer structure found outside cell membrane that gives protection/shape to cell. found in plant cells
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chloroplast
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organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs
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cytoplasm
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jelly like fluid inside cells, contains the organelles
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endosymbiosis theory
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...
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flagella
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long, whip like structures projecting from cell body of prokaryote that aid in cell movement
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invagination
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folding in of membrane so outer surface becomes inner surface
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mitochondrion
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organlee that converts energy stores in carbs,fats, and protien molecules into energy that is useable by the cell
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pilus
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thin, hair like projections that help prokaryote attach to surfaces
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cell membrane
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two layered membrane holding cytoplasm in cell. controls what enters and leaves cell
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cholesterol
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helps cell membrane retain flexibility. essential molecule for all living things
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enzyme
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protien that assists and initiates chemical reaction in living organism
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glycerol
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molecule that forms head region of triglyceride fat molecule
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non polar
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electrically uncharged
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polar
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electrically charged
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receptor protein
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binds specific chemicals in cell's external environment to regulate process within cell
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recognition protien
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provides 'fingerprint' on outward facing surface of cell, making it recognizeable to other cells
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transmembrane protein
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protein that can penetrate phospholipid bilayer of cell membrane
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transport protein
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provides chanel/passageway for larger/strongly charged particles can enter cell
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alleles
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alternative versions of genes
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base
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nitrogen containing side chain molecules attaches to sugar molecule in DNA and RNA. DNA: AT GC RNA: AU GC
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chromosome
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linear er circular strand of dna on which are found specific sequences of base pairs
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code
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base sequence of gene
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gene
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basic unit of heredity, sequence of DNA neucleotides on chromosome that carries info nessecary for making a functional product, usually protein or dna molecule
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genome
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ful set of dna present in an individual organism
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genotype
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genes an organism carries for a particular trait
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intron
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non coding portion of dna
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mRNA
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ribonucleic acid that reads sequence for a gene in dna and then moves from nucleus to cytoplasm where next phase of protien synthesis takes place
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nucleotide
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molecule containing phosphate group, sugar molecule, and nitrogen containing molecule
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phenotype
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expression of genotype to organism (blonde hair)
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trait
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characteristic/feature of organism
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transcription
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process by which gene's base sequence is copied to mRNA
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translation
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process by which mRNA directs production of protein
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codons
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three base sequence in mRNA that link with complimentary tRNA molecules which are attached to amino acids
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promoter site
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part of a dna molecule that indicates where a sequence of base pairs that make up a gene begin
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ribosomal subunits
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2 structural parts of a ribosome that function together to translate mRNA to build a chain of amino acids that will make up a protien
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tRNA
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rna molecules in the cytoplasm that link specific triplet base sequences on mRNA to specific amino acids
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centromere
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after replication, the region of contact between sister chromatids which occurs near the center of two chromosome strands
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cytokinesis
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stage following mitosis where cytoplasm and organelles duplicate and divide into equal parts and the cell separates into two daughter cells; in meiosis 2 diploid daughter cells are formed
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interphase
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cell grows and functions, replication of dna occurs in preparation for cell division
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mitosis
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division of neucleus into two identical neuclii, along with cytokinesis, into two identical daughter cells
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miotic phase
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phase of cell cycle during which first the genetic material and the neucleus, then the rest of the cellular contents, divide
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telomere
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a non coding, highly repetitive secotion of dna at the tip of every eukaryotic chromosome that shortens with every cell division. if it becomes too short, additiona divisions result in loss of function/cell death
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BIOL 100: Exam 3