26 Cards in this Set
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Sociology
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systematic study of human society
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society
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individuals sharing geographic are and culture
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culture
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knowledge, values, customs, material objects, passing from one generation to the next
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social problems
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social condition and behavior pattern. examples: war, crime, poverty, rasicm
---- non social problem: there are 1000 hunting deaths each year
-----social problem: driving a motor vehicle results in 34000 deaths every year
*its a social problem because it causes social conern and acts…
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social problems: who does this harm; what do these problems cause?
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certain individuals ; or all people of society: harmed
causing public concern and act of change
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is sociology a science?
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its a systematic method of investigation; it requires research but cannot be modeled as a natural science
*relies on interview and statistical approaches
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theoretical thinking
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data analysis- still have social imagination; logically assessments of our arguments
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sociological imagination
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"awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society"
*ability to connect person troubles with public issues
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civil wright mills (1959)
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allows us to: change perspectives from one to another
*ask yourself what are some of the economical forces that lead to certain kinds of social behavior
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sociological theories
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:gives frame work for society; allows us to decide, predict, and explain things
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functionalist
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macrolevel of analysis ; looking at broad patterns in society Functionalist solutions: Strengthen social institutions (education, family)
oHelp meet the needs of poor institutions
§ How we go about reach higher levels of education
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social functions: manifest function
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intended and recognize activity of a social process; develop of human capital
*overtly recognized
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social functions: latent function
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unintended; beneficial consequences of a social process
*not usually overtly recognized
------education:acts as a babysitter;allows parents to work;
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symbolic interactionist
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micro level analysis; ppl become humans thru our interacts
---mom & baby
---family & friends
social probs:become socially constructed; behaviors our learned
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conflict theory
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society is based off of inherent power struggles'; macro analysis
--- not benefiting everyone equally ; minorities & majorities
-- diff groups working together to control scarce resources
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sociological explanations of violence
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Functionalist: Violence increases when social institutions are weakened
--- Solution: strength social institutions (family, school) Conflict: Violence is a response to inequalities in society
o Solution: reform political and economic institutions to change inequality
· Symbol…
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quantitative
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· explanations using number
o How much money is women making compared to men
o Use number to represent
o This part of Lawrence--- poor
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qualitative
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explanations using interpretive descriptions (words)
o Used to get at subjective explanations
o How does it influence your behaviors
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research methods
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Field analysis- going into the field to learn something in its natural setting to collect data
o Survey analysis- research using surveys;
Secondary analysis- using data that pre-exists.. analyze photos etc
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social mobility
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· Land of opportunity
o Possibility of achieving “ the American dream”
o Each generation can potentially have a higher standard of living than those that came before
o Want to be happy in life.. and want a high standard of living.. want to make more money than our parents
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possibilities of social mobility
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o Upward or downward movement in a class system
o A class system is a system of social inequality based on ownership and control of resources
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effects of inequality
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· Households
o Spending more and more time at work
o Leading to gaining higher income and getting more wants
o Decline in social capital- social networks have value
o Fewer people are engaging in outside organizations
o No longer going to church, sporting clubs, etc
·…
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measuring social class
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Karl marx (1818-1883)- founding of sociology; Relationship to means of production in capitalist society; Bourgeoisie: own means of production;Proletariat: work for those who own means of production
Assets to produce wealth
Max weber (1864-1920) Wealth- value of our economic assets Po…
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poverty
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Poverty Explanations:Individual;Cultural
Structural explanations:
Changes in economy put people in poverty: Broader macro changes: Downsizing, layoffs, increase, in technology
Solutions of poverty:
No consensus on causes of poverty results in no consensus on solutions to poverty
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Mobility
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· Important so people in lower classes have an opportunity to move up to middle or upper class… in the following generations
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Segmented labor market
· Primary labor market
o What we all aspire too
o Good jobs that we want to have
o They demand high skills
§ With high skills comes high wages
o Requires high levels of training and specialization
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SOC 160: Notes