PSYCH 110: Exam 2
34 Cards in this Set
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Neural communication
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Chemical and electrical communication between cells communication between cells is chemical communication in sales is electrical
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Neurons
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Electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information electrically
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What are neurons comprised of
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Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Neural impulse
Myelin Sheath
Terminal branches of axon
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What is the neuron process
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Information sent from one end to another and then to other neurons
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How is the process like flashing a toilet
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It's an all or nothing response
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What a different kind of neurons
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Sensory
motor and
Inter
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What are Glial Cells and what do they do
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The neurons super staff they surround neurons and hold them into place supply nutrients and oxygen destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons
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What are neurotransmitters and why are they important
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Chemicals released from the sending neuron that travel across the synapse's and bind receptor site they influence opening and closing of specific channels
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What are different kinds of neurotransmitters
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Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
norepinephrine
GABA
Glutamate
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What are the various parts of the central nervous system
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Brain and spinal cord
cerebral cortex
limbic system
cerebellum
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What is each part or division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for
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Somatic controls skeletal muscles or voluntary movement
Automatic controls glands are other muscles or involuntary movement
Sympathetic control arousal
Parasympathetic controls calming
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What are the different parts or division of the peripheral nervous system
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The automatic controls including sympathetic and parasympathetic
This somatic controls
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What are the technical names for identical and fraternal twins
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Identical twins are mono-zygotes
Fraternal twins are di zygotes
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What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins
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Identical twins are one egg and one sperm
Fraternal twins are two eggs and two sperms
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What is the difference between sensation and perception
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Sensations the process of receiving incoming sensory signals
Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting the sensory information so it makes it
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Bottom up versus top down processing
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Bottom-up is from sensory receptors to the brain
Top-down is from the brain to the sensory preceptors which is more like expectation
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What is psychophysics
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Study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience with them
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Absolute threshold
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Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
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Just noticeable difference
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The lowest point where a change in the stimuli can be detected
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Weber's law
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The difference between threshold is always in proportion to the size of the stimulus
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Attentions impact on our perception of the world
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Selective attention ; paying attention to what you want to
Inattentional blindness ; failure to detect major things
Change blindness
Sensory adaption; increases sensitivity to the most important information
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What is the binding problem it was important
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How and where does our brain put the pieces together to make one unified whole
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Trichromatic theory versus opponent process theory
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The eye has three different kinds of receptors; red green and blue
Color receptors and I have opposite colors
Red versus green
Black versus white
Blue versus yellow
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Blindsight
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In some individuals the brain doesn't register sensory information consciously but you can still see
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Soundwaves
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Amplitude determines volume
Frequency determines pitch
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What sound frequencies can we hear
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20-20,000 Hz
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Why do we have two ears
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Location of sounds 3-D hearing allows us to locate were sounds are coming from
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Sensory interaction
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Interactions with smell and touch to enhance flavor
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Why do we have a good memory for Smell
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Brain region for Smail is closely connected with the brain reading that involves memory which is the limbic system
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For specific senses of touch
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Pressure
warm
cold
pain
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Gestalt Principles
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When given a cluster sensations people tend to organize them into a meaningful whole
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Stages of sleep in difference
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Stage one; like stage of sleep lasting about 515 minutes when your brain actively powers down by 50% or more produces theta waves
Stage two; brain waves slow down even more... But sudden burst of electrical activity sleep spindles
Stages 3-4; extremely short duration in stage III usua…
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Stage five
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REM sleep internally the bodies raging the brainstem is blocking messages from the motor cortex this is where dreams happen
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How do drugs impact consciousness
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Can cause hallucinations lucid dreams no impact on what is being sensed just how it is perceived
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PSYCH 110: Exam 2