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GHTH 100: CHAPTER 14 PRORECTING AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES
pathogen |
A disease-causing agent
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Epidemic |
Disease outbreak that affects many people in a community or region at the same time
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pandemic |
global epidemic of a disease
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virulent |
Strong enough to overcome host resistance and cause disease |
mulifactorial disease |
disease caused by interactions of several factors
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immunocompromised |
having an immune system that is impaired
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autoinoculate |
transmit a pathogen from one part of your body to another part
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comorbidites |
the presence of one more diseases at the same time
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opportunistic infections |
infections that occur when the immune system is weakened or compromised
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antigen |
Substance capable of triggering an immune response
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antibodies |
substances produced by the body that are individually matched to specific antigens
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humoral immunity |
aspect of immunity that is mediated by antibodies secreted by white blood cells
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toxins |
poisonous substances produced by certain microorganisms that cause various diseases
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cell-mediated immunity |
aspect of immunity that is mediated by specialized white blood cells that attack pathogens and antigens directly
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lymphocyte |
a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response
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macrophage |
a type of white blood cell that ingests foreign material
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autoimmune disease |
disease caused by an overactive immune response against the body's own cells
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vaccination |
inoculation with killed or weakened pathogens or similar, less dangerous antigens in order to prevent or lessen the effects of some disease
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bacteria |
simple, single-celled microscopic organisms; about 100 known species of bacteria cause disease in humans
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antibiotics |
medicines used to kill microorganisms, such as bacteria
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antibiotic resistance |
the ability of bacteria or other microbes to withstand the effects of antibiotics
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staphylococci |
a group of round bacteria, usually found in cluster, that cause a variety of diseases in humans and other animals
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colonization |
the process of bacteria or some other infectious organisms establishing themselves in a host without causing infection
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infection |
the state of pathogens being established in or on a host and causing disease.
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methicillin-resistant |
highly resistant form of staph infection that is growing in international prevalence
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Streptococcus |
a round of bacterium, usually found in chain formation.
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meningitis |
an infection of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
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pneumonia |
inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by chronic cough, chest pain, chilled, high fever, and fluid accumulation; may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, chemicals, or other substances
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tuberculosis |
a disease caused by bacterial infiltration of the respiratory system
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multidrug resistant TB |
form of TB that is resistant to at least two of the best antibiotics available
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extensively drug resistant TB |
form of TB that is resistant to nearly all existing antibiotics
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rickesttsia |
A small form of bacteria that live inside other living cells
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peptic ulcer |
damage to the stomach or intestinal lining, usually caused by digestive juices; most ulcers result from infection by the bacterium
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viruses |
minute microbes consisting of DNA or RNA that invade a host cell and use the cell's resources to reproduce themselves
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incubation period |
the time between exposure to a disease and the appearance of the symptoms
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endemic |
describing a disease that is always present to some degree
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influenza |
a common viral disease of the respiratory tract
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mononucleosis |
a viral disease that causes pervasive fatigue and other long-lasting symptoms
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hepatitis |
a viral disease in which the liver becomes inflamed, producing symptoms such as fever, headache, and possibly jaundice
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chickenpox |
a highly infectious disease by the herpes varicella zoster virus
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shingles |
a disease characterized by a painful rash that occurs wn the chicken pox virus is reactivated.
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herpes gladiatorum |
a skin infection caused by herpes simplex type 1 virus and seen among athletes participating in contact sports
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measles |
a viral disease that produces symptoms such as an itchy rash and a high fever
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rubella (German measles) |
a milder form of measles that causes a rash and mild fever in children and may damage a fetus or a newborn baby
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rabies |
a viral disease of the central nervous system; often transmitted through animal bites
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fungi |
a group of multicellular and unicellular organisms that obtain their food by infiltrating the bodies of other organisms, both living and dead; several microscopic varieties are pathogenic
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protozons |
microscopic single-celled organisms that can be pathogenic
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parasitic worms |
the largest of the pathogens, most of which are more a nuisance that they are a threat
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prion |
a recently identified self-replicating, protein based pathogen.
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sexually transmitted infections |
infections transmitted through some form of intimate, usually sexual contact.
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gonorrhea |
second most common bacterial STI in the United States; if untreated, may cause sterility
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syphilis |
one of the most widespread bacterial STIs characterized by distinct phases and potentially serious results
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chancre |
sore often found at the site of syphilis infection
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
a disease caused by a retrovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that attacks the immune system, reducing the number of helper T cells and leaving the victim vulnerable to infections, malignancies and neurological disorders.
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human immunodeficiency virus |
the virus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells
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