GHTH 100: CHAPTER 14 PRORECTING AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES
55 Cards in this Set
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pathogen
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A disease-causing agent
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Epidemic
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Disease outbreak that affects many people in a community or region at the same time
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pandemic
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global epidemic of a disease
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virulent
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Strong enough to overcome host resistance and cause disease
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mulifactorial disease
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disease caused by interactions of several factors
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immunocompromised
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having an immune system that is impaired
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autoinoculate
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transmit a pathogen from one part of your body to another part
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comorbidites
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the presence of one more diseases at the same time
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opportunistic infections
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infections that occur when the immune system is weakened or compromised
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antigen
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Substance capable of triggering an immune response
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antibodies
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substances produced by the body that are individually matched to specific antigens
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humoral immunity
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aspect of immunity that is mediated by antibodies secreted by white blood cells
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toxins
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poisonous substances produced by certain microorganisms that cause various diseases
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cell-mediated immunity
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aspect of immunity that is mediated by specialized white blood cells that attack pathogens and antigens directly
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lymphocyte
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a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response
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macrophage
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a type of white blood cell that ingests foreign material
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autoimmune disease
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disease caused by an overactive immune response against the body's own cells
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vaccination
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inoculation with killed or weakened pathogens or similar, less dangerous antigens in order to prevent or lessen the effects of some disease
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bacteria
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simple, single-celled microscopic organisms; about 100 known species of bacteria cause disease in humans
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antibiotics
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medicines used to kill microorganisms, such as bacteria
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antibiotic resistance
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the ability of bacteria or other microbes to withstand the effects of antibiotics
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staphylococci
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a group of round bacteria, usually found in cluster, that cause a variety of diseases in humans and other animals
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colonization
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the process of bacteria or some other infectious organisms establishing themselves in a host without causing infection
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infection
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the state of pathogens being established in or on a host and causing disease.
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methicillin-resistant
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highly resistant form of staph infection that is growing in international prevalence
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Streptococcus
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a round of bacterium, usually found in chain formation.
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meningitis
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an infection of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
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pneumonia
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inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by chronic cough, chest pain, chilled, high fever, and fluid accumulation; may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, chemicals, or other substances
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tuberculosis
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a disease caused by bacterial infiltration of the respiratory system
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multidrug resistant TB
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form of TB that is resistant to at least two of the best antibiotics available
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extensively drug resistant TB
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form of TB that is resistant to nearly all existing antibiotics
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rickesttsia
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A small form of bacteria that live inside other living cells
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peptic ulcer
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damage to the stomach or intestinal lining, usually caused by digestive juices; most ulcers result from infection by the bacterium
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viruses
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minute microbes consisting of DNA or RNA that invade a host cell and use the cell's resources to reproduce themselves
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incubation period
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the time between exposure to a disease and the appearance of the symptoms
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endemic
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describing a disease that is always present to some degree
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influenza
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a common viral disease of the respiratory tract
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mononucleosis
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a viral disease that causes pervasive fatigue and other long-lasting symptoms
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hepatitis
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a viral disease in which the liver becomes inflamed, producing symptoms such as fever, headache, and possibly jaundice
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chickenpox
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a highly infectious disease by the herpes varicella zoster virus
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shingles
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a disease characterized by a painful rash that occurs wn the chicken pox virus is reactivated.
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herpes gladiatorum
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a skin infection caused by herpes simplex type 1 virus and seen among athletes participating in contact sports
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measles
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a viral disease that produces symptoms such as an itchy rash and a high fever
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rubella (German measles)
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a milder form of measles that causes a rash and mild fever in children and may damage a fetus or a newborn baby
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rabies
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a viral disease of the central nervous system; often transmitted through animal bites
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fungi
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a group of multicellular and unicellular organisms that obtain their food by infiltrating the bodies of other organisms, both living and dead; several microscopic varieties are pathogenic
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protozons
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microscopic single-celled organisms that can be pathogenic
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parasitic worms
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the largest of the pathogens, most of which are more a nuisance that they are a threat
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prion
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a recently identified self-replicating, protein based pathogen.
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sexually transmitted infections
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infections transmitted through some form of intimate, usually sexual contact.
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gonorrhea
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second most common bacterial STI in the United States; if untreated, may cause sterility
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syphilis
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one of the most widespread bacterial STIs characterized by distinct phases and potentially serious results
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chancre
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sore often found at the site of syphilis infection
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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a disease caused by a retrovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that attacks the immune system, reducing the number of helper T cells and leaving the victim vulnerable to infections, malignancies and neurological disorders.
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human immunodeficiency virus
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the virus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells
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GHTH 100: CHAPTER 17