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GHTH 100: CHAPTER 17
Pathogens |
disease-causing agents found in nearly everything you come in contact with
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epidemic |
When diseases occur in many people in a region at the same time
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pandemic |
An epidemic that is occurring globally
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virulent |
strong enough to overcome host resistence and cause disease
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multifactorial |
caused by a variety of factors
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sickle-cell anemia |
is a genetic life-long blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape.
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immunological competence |
ability of the immune system to defend the body from pathogens
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botulism |
resistent foodbourne organism that is extremely virulent
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autoinoculate |
transmit a pathogen from one part of your own body to another part
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interspecies trasmission |
transmission of disease from humans to animals or vice versa
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bacteria |
single-celled organism that may cause disease
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toxins |
posionous substances produced by certain microorganisms tgar cause various diseases
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staphylococci |
round, gram-positive bacteria, usually found in clusters
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epidermis |
the outermost layer of the skin
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streptococcus |
round bacterium, usually found in chain formation
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meningtis |
infection of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal chord
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pneumonia |
bacterially caused infection of the lungs also viral
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tyberculosis (TB) |
a bacterial disease of the respiratory system
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periodontal diseases |
diseases of the tissue around the teeth
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rickettsia |
small form of bacteria that live inside other living cells
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viruses |
minute parasitic microbes that live inside another cell
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incubation period |
time between exposure to a disease and the appearance of the symptoms
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slow- acting viruses |
viruses having long incubation periods and causing slowly progressive symptoms
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interferon |
a protein substance produced by the body that aids in the immune system by protecting healthy cells
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endemic |
describing a disease that is always present to some degree
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influenza |
common viral disease of the respiratory tract
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mononucleosis |
viral disease that causes pervasive fatigue and other long-lasting symptoms
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hepatitis |
virally cause disease in which the liver becomes imflamed, producing symptoms such as fever, headache and possible jaundice
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measles |
viral disease that produces symptoms including itchy rash and high fever
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rubella (German measles) |
a milder form of measles that causes rash and mild fever in children and may cause damage to a fetus or a newborn baby
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rabies |
viral disease to central nervous system and trasmitted by animals bites
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Fungus |
is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds
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Protozoa |
microscopic, single-celled organisms associated with tropical diseases
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Parasitic worms |
pathogens that range from small pinworms to large tapeworms
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Prions |
self-replicating, protein-based agents
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enzymes |
are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions.
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antigen |
substance capable of triggering an immune response
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antibodies |
produced by the body that are individually matched to specific antigens
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B cells |
lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response produced in the hollow shafts of long bones
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T cells |
lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. produced by the thymus
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