GHTH 100: CHAPTER 17
40 Cards in this Set
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Pathogens
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disease-causing agents found in nearly everything you come in contact with
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epidemic
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When diseases occur in many people in a region at the same time
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pandemic
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An epidemic that is occurring globally
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virulent
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strong enough to overcome host resistence and cause disease
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multifactorial
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caused by a variety of factors
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sickle-cell anemia
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is a genetic life-long blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape.
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immunological competence
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ability of the immune system to defend the body from pathogens
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botulism
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resistent foodbourne organism that is extremely virulent
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autoinoculate
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transmit a pathogen from one part of your own body to another part
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interspecies trasmission
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transmission of disease from humans to animals or vice versa
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bacteria
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single-celled organism that may cause disease
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toxins
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posionous substances produced by certain microorganisms tgar cause various diseases
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staphylococci
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round, gram-positive bacteria, usually found in clusters
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epidermis
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the outermost layer of the skin
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streptococcus
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round bacterium, usually found in chain formation
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meningtis
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infection of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal chord
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pneumonia
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bacterially caused infection of the lungs also viral
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tyberculosis (TB)
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a bacterial disease of the respiratory system
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periodontal diseases
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diseases of the tissue around the teeth
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rickettsia
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small form of bacteria that live inside other living cells
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viruses
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minute parasitic microbes that live inside another cell
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incubation period
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time between exposure to a disease and the appearance of the symptoms
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slow- acting viruses
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viruses having long incubation periods and causing slowly progressive symptoms
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interferon
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a protein substance produced by the body that aids in the immune system by protecting healthy cells
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endemic
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describing a disease that is always present to some degree
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influenza
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common viral disease of the respiratory tract
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mononucleosis
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viral disease that causes pervasive fatigue and other long-lasting symptoms
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hepatitis
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virally cause disease in which the liver becomes imflamed, producing symptoms such as fever, headache and possible jaundice
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measles
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viral disease that produces symptoms including itchy rash and high fever
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rubella (German measles)
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a milder form of measles that causes rash and mild fever in children and may cause damage to a fetus or a newborn baby
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rabies
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viral disease to central nervous system and trasmitted by animals bites
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Fungus
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is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds
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Protozoa
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microscopic, single-celled organisms associated with tropical diseases
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Parasitic worms
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pathogens that range from small pinworms to large tapeworms
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Prions
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self-replicating, protein-based agents
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enzymes
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are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions.
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antigen
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substance capable of triggering an immune response
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antibodies
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produced by the body that are individually matched to specific antigens
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B cells
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lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response produced in the hollow shafts of long bones
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T cells
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lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. produced by the thymus
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GHTH 100: CHAPTER 17