Study Guide: Exam 2
41 Cards in this Set
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Mammary gland
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Source of milk for offspring; the breast.
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Alveoli
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A rounded or oblong-shaped cavity present in the breast
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Secretory cells
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Cells in the milk gland that secrete milk components into the ducts
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Myoepithelial cells
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Specialized cells line the alveoli and contract to cause milk to be secreted into the duct
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Oxytocin
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Hormone produced during letdown which causes milk to be ejected into ducts
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Lactiferous sinuses
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Larger ducts for storage of milk
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Lobes
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Rounded structures of mammary gland
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Lactogenesis
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The production of milk
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Prolactin
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Hormone that stimulates milk production
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Hormones that increase in pregnancy
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Estrogen and progesterone
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Colostrum
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First milk (thick, yellow) produced during lactogenesis st. 2, higher in protein and electrolytes, lower in CHO and fat. 580-700 kcal/L; 2-10 mL (1.5-2 tsp) per feeding
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Calories in Breastmilk
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0.65kcal/mL, 20kcal/oz,
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Calories from fat in Foremilk
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40-60%
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Calories from fat in Hindmilk
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60-80%
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DHA
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Omega-3 EFA. Essential for retinal development and high IQs
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Protein in Breastmilk
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0.32 g/oz
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Dominant CHO in BM
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Lactose- enhances calcium absorption
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Oligosaccharides role
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Medium-length CHO. Prevent binding of pathogenic microorganisms to gut, which prevents infection and diarrhea
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1st Month Milk Demand
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600mLdaily
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4-5 Month
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750-800 mL daily
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Feeding Frequency
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10-12 feedings per day
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neonatal jaundice
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high bilirubin levels as baby breathes outside womb which can yellow tissues
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Full-term infant
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Infants born between 37-42 weeks of gestation
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Pre-term infant
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Infants born < 37 weeks
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Infant mortality
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death that occurs within the first year of life
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Biggest contributors to infant mortality
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Low birth weight, congenital malformations, SIDS
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Time infants signal wants/needs
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After 4-6 weeks
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Low Birth Weight
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< 2500 g or <5 lbs 8 oz at birth
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Very Low Birth Weight
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<1500 g or <3 lbs 5 oz at birth
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Extremely Low Birth Weight
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<1000 g or < 2lb 3oz at birth
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kcal needs for Low Birth weight infants
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Range 95-165 kcal/kg (up to 180 for ELBW)
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Gross motor skills
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Development and use of large muscle groups. Such as walking alone, running, walking up stairs
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Fine motor skills
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Development and use of smaller muscle groups. Such as stacking objects, scribbling, and copying shapes
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Period for language development
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18-24 months
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Food jag
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Wanting or desiring the same type of food, or the same preparation of a particular food over time
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Iron deficiency anemia
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Causes long-term delays in cognitive development, and behavioral disturbances
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Preventing Anemia
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Children 1-5 years drink no more than 24 oz of milk each day
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Average annual growth of Middle Schoolers
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7lb, 2.5 in
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Adiposity rebound or BMI rebound
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Increase in percent body fat that corresponds with the body preparing for the adolescent growth spurt (around 6yrs)
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Self-efficacy
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The knowledge of what to do, and the ability to do it
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Dietary fiber
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Complex carbs found mostly in
the plant cell wall. Body does not have enzymes to break down
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Study Guide: Exam 2