62 Cards in this Set
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In emerging adulthood, how would physical development be described?
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-43
-most people are at the hieght of sensory shaprness, strength, reaction time and fitness
-Physical development peaks in early adulthood
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Overall, are the behaviors of young adults healthy or unhealthy? Why?
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Healthy, thier immune systems are generally functioning well
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What is “Serial Monogamy”?
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When someone has many relationships but one at a time
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What would be the sociocultural explanation for eating disorders?
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It can be a way to deal with stress, or to fit into a socially acceptable way of looking the right way.
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What group has the highest rate of violent death? Why?
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Young males 15-25.
-The extreme sports group
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What does dialectical thinking involve?
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Intellectual flexibility: allows individuals to balance emotion and logic. aids in reducing stereotypical thinking as we age
Dialectal thought- the cognitive ability to consider a thesis and its antithesis and arrive at a synthesis
when faced with a relationship in trouble, some may say…
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What is dualistic thinking?
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something is right or wrong, good or bad
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Does cognitive development in adulthood have distinct stages?
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No, the stages end in adolescence development
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Is dialectical thinking related to higher education? If so, how?
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Yes, in college who pursue a higher degree of knowledge; opportunities for study abroad and other service trips like the alternative breaks
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Describe Erikson’s stage of intimacy vs. isolation?
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Core conflict or life crisis for early adulthood, in which a person develops intimate relationships with a significant other or risks heading down a path toward social isolation
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What are the 4 gateways to attraction?
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1. Physical attractiveness
2. Apparent availability
3. Frequent exposure
4. Absence of exclusion criteria
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How do friends and friendships differ from relationships with family members?
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The family continues to play a key role in socializing the child, although peers, teachers, and other outsiders begin to play a greater role
-Parent to child: focus on school related matters, chores, and peer activities; parents do less monitoring; spend less time together; best source o…
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Why is separation and individuation so important?
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-Becoming an individual by means of integrating one's own values and beliefs with those of one's parents and one's society
-Different for women, social relationships are equally important
-Women need to become their own person in the sense of separating from their mother
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What are the main components of Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love?
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1.Intimacy
2. Passion
3. Commitment
components that make up the triangle
^^ = Consummate of Love
4. Liking: intimacy alone
5. Romantic love: intimacy+Passion
6. Companionate love: intimacy +commitment
7. Empty love: commitment alone
8. Fatuous love: Passion+Commitment
9. Infatuat…
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Of the senses, which ones are most likely to decline significantly in middle adulthood?
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sight and hearing
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Describe the changes in physical development that occur in middle adulthood?
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Physiological aging is defined by changes in the body's integumentary system (skin, hair, and nails), senses, reaction time, and lung capacity
-Changes in metabolism, muscle mass, strength, bone density, aerobic capacity, blood sugar tolerance, and the ability to regulate body temperatur…
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Health habits during which time period influence healthy aging?
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40-65 (early adulthood)
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What is a healthy BMI for middle adulthood?
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19-24
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What are the benefits of regular exercise?
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Regular exercise can decrease the loss of lung capacity
Have a healthier BMI
-Expands aerobic capacity
-Changes in metabolism, muscle mass, strength, bone density, aerobic capacity, blood sugar tolerance, and the ability to regulate body temperature may be moderated and sometimes rever…
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Does metabolism slow down during middle adulthood?
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BMR declines as we age
-Fatty tissue burns fewer calories than muscle, and the decline in BMR is largely attributed to the loss of muscle tissue and the corresponding increase in fatty tissue.
-Likely to gain weight if they eat as much as they did as young adults
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Does fat and muscle increase or decrease during middle adulthood?
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Muscle strength is gradual decrease
-Gradual increase of body fat at age 20.
-Accelerates after the age of 45
metabolism slowing is directly related to loss of muscle tissue and the increase in fatty tissue
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Describe “fluid” and “crystallized” intelligence?
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Fluid intelligence: involves person’s skills at processing information
-Declines with age
Crystallized intelligence: a cluster of knowledge and skills that depend on accumulated information and experience, awareness, of social conventions, and the capacity to make good decisions and jud…
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In what areas does intelligence increase during middle adulthood?
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Verbal intelligence increases
Crystallized intelligence increases
-Verbal ability and inductive reasoning increase with crystallized Intel.
-Verbal memory, as well as spatial orientation increase but drop off in late adulthood
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What makes a person an expert?
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An expert, more generally, is a person with extensive knowledge or ability in a particular area of study.
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What things influence the development of expertise?
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Acquired social skills to deal with coworkers, have a better feel for people's limitations and potentials, better understanding of motivation, calm in stressful situations, learned their own limitations, experience in the real world
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According to Erikson, what happens if a person fails to achieve generativity?
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If a perosn fails to achieve generatively, it leads to stagnation, a state characterized by lack of developmental growth or advancement
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What is the “social clock”?
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a time table for events to occur
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If the “middle life crisis” Is not really a crisis, what is it?
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A time of dramatic self doubt and anxiety during which people sense the passing of their youth and become concerned with their own aging and mortality
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What are Levinson’s thoughts about the transition to midlife?
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A psychological shift into middle adulthood that is theorized to occur b/w the ages of 40 and 45 as people begin to believe they have more to look back upon than forward to
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How do most people view the middle-adult years?
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Many view the middle years from age 45 onward as a type of second adulthood, filled with opportunities for new direction and fulfillment
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Are most adults satisfied in their work? Why or why not? How likely are adults to change jobs?
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Most American workers are somewhat or completely satisfied with their jobs.
-Because of increased expertise and income
-Most have come to terms with the fact that most of them will never be a CEO or governor etc.
B- Most career changes do not involve a change in career but more of a sh…
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What is “launching” and what are its implications for parents?
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Launching children into the outside world during parental middle adulthood helping them establish themselves.
-Find that leisure activities have changed over the years or continue them
-Establish deeper relationships w life partner
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What is the “sandwich generation” and how did they get this title?
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The term given to middle-aged people who need to meet the demands of their own children and of aging parents
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When are grandparents most likely to have custody over their grandchildren?
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Grandchild has single parent:
-Dies
-Military dispatched
-Parent decides to tryout a new place of living for an extended period
- Parent runs off (drugs, or prostitution)
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What does research show regarding people who remarry?
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Do not tend to select partners so close to their age
-In the United States, approximately 75 percent of divorced people legally remarry, and they usually do so less than four years after divorce.
-Nearly one-third, remarry within a year after their divorce is legal. -Consequently, almos…
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Do relationships between middle-aged adults and their parents improve, stay the same, or worsen as they both age?
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The relationships b/w middle-aged and older parents can grow quite close, especially as tensions and expectations from earlier years tend to disappear.
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What is “ageism”?
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Prejudice in which people are categorized and judged solely of the basis of their chronological age
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What is “gerontology” and how does it differ from “geriatrics”?
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Gerontology: The multidisciplinary study of old age
Geriatrics: The medical specialty devoted to aging
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What senses become less sharp during late adulthood?
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All senses there is a decline, especially in sight
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Which vision disorder is most difficult to treat?
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Glaucoma
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Describe “wear and tear” theory of aging?
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body wears out with age
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What is the “genetic” or “cellular” clock theory?
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Genetic clock: A mechanism in cells that regulates the aging process by controlling cell reproduction and repair
-Maximum life span
-122 years for humans
Cellular aging: Theory that people age because cells become old and damaged
-Aging may occur because of errors in cell production
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What is the life expectancy and how is it figured? What is the current life expectancy in the US?
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One’s life expectancy refers to the number of years a person in a given population can actually expect to live.
-Diseases brought under control, cured by antibiotics; safer water supplies, -Improved diet habits, and health care
-Males: 74 females: 80
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Why are fractures from accidents so dangerous for older adults?
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Falls cause fractures and with many older adults that have osteoporosis
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Why do older adults receive less input to their brains?
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the production of nuerotansmitters slows
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What type of memory shows the most declines during late adulthood?
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Long term memory
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What happens to the brain as people age?
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it shrinks in size
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What is dementia?
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Irreversible loss of cognitive functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease
-Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common form of dementia
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Describe the stages of Alzheimer’s disease?
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1. Absentmindedness
-Not to be confused with natural aging
2. Generalized confusion
-Memory loss becomes dangerous
-Can no longer manage personal care
3. Become completely unresponsive
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What is Erikson’s final stage of development?
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According to Erikson, the final stage people encounter is integrity vs. Despair
Feeling comfortable with their life vs. feeling time is too short to live life they want to
-Life can be meaningful even with declining health
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Why is reminiscence important in later life?
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attempt to construct the meaning of life (integrity)
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Describe the relationship of older adults and depression?
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Connected with loss of friends and loved ones.
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What are “Disengagement theory” and “Activity theory”?
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Disengagement theory: the view that older adults and society withdraw from one another as older adults approach death
Activity theory: older adults are better adjusted when they are more active and involved in physical and social activities
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Describe the volunteer work done by the elderly?
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Older people often volunteer after retiring
-Provides activity
-Add to personal identity
-Gives the satisfaction of giving back to the community
-Provides social interaction
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What is the largest organized group for the elderly in the US and what do they do?
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AARP (American association of retired persons)
-Political advocate for individuals who are aged 50 years and older
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Where will an elderly person most likely want to live? Why would they want to move form their homes?
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Prefer to remain in their homes as long as their physical and mental conditions allow them.
-Get help from home aides, and nurses, hire live in help (for the wealthy), move in w adult children, assisted living homes
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What is “thanatology”?
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The study of death and dying, especially their social and emotional aspects
-All cultures have their own ways of viewing death and dying
-For many, it is seen as a passage, not an end
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What is palliative care and what is its goal?
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treatment focused on the relief of pain and suffering rather than cure
- enables a patient to live as fully and comfortably as possible
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What is the function of hospice?
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Provides a homelike atmosphere to help terminally ill patients approach death with a maximum of dignity and a minimum of pain and discomfort
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How might the medical profession deprive someone of a “good health”?
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Euthanasia = good death
-Not purposely taking a person's life through gentle means to relieve pain or -suffering.
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What is the difference between “active” and “passive” euthanasia?
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Passive: withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment to hasten death
Active: the administration of lethal drugs or other means of producing a painless death with the person's informed consent
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Explain Kubler-Ross stages of dying?
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Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
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HDF 100: Exam 1