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PSY 204: Exam 4 2014
Sexual Disorders |
Hard to determine, based on moral, legal and statistical/behavioral models |
Sexual Dysfunction |
Cannot respond normally in key areas of sexual functioning (Desire, Excitement, Orgasm) |
DSM distinctions |
Lifelong type vs acquired type
generalized type vs situational type |
Disorder of Desire |
Problems with urge to have sex, sexual attraction, etc. |
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder |
absent or low interest in sex |
Sexual Aversion Disorder |
Views sex as disgusting and animalistic |
Female Sexual Arousal Disorder |
Repeated inability to maintain lubrication or clitoral swelling during sexual activity ~ 10% of women |
Male Erectile Dysfunction |
Repeated inability to gain/maintain adequate erection during activity ~ 50% of men |
Causes of Desire/Excitement Disorders |
Premature (Early) Ejaculation Disorder |
Male Orgasmic Disorder (delayed ejaculation disorder) |
Inability or great delay in orgasm, biologically driven by hormones or damage to spinal cord |
Female Orgasmic Disorder |
Persistent delay or absence of orgasm following normal sexual excitement ~ 25% of women |
Causes of Female Orgasmic Disorder |
Usually hormonal, but could be psychological from molestation or rape |
Vaginismus |
Involuntary muscle contractions of outer 1/3 of vagina. Fear response from traumatic experience |
Dyspareunia |
Severe pain in genitals during sex, most often has a physical cause |
Treatments for Sexual Pain Disorders |
Hormone therapy/medication, educate, reduce anxiety, structured behavior exercises, increase sexual communication skills |
Paraphilias |
Unusual sexual fantasy urge/behavior that is inappropriate and recurrent. Involves nonhuman, non-consenting, children, humiliation, and must cause distress |
Fetishism |
Involves nonhuman nonliving object, can be almost anything (usually develops in adolescence) |
Transvestic Fetishism |
Cross-dressing for sexual arousal, mostly heterosexual males, follows operant conditioning |
Exhibitionism |
Arousal from exposing oneself in public. Sexual contact neither initiated nor desired. Almost exclusively male. Treatment is aversion therapy and masturbatory satiation. |
Voyeruism |
Sexual desire to observe people undressing, kissing, etc. Masturbate during observation (adds excitement) |
Frotteurism |
Fantasies/urges/behavior of touching strangers. Usually young males, wants a caring relationship. |
Pedophilia |
Sexual desires to a prepubescent child. Some were sexually abused/neglected as children, low IQs. |
Sadism & Masochism |
Sexual arousal in inflicting suffering, and/or sexual response to being humiliated, bound or made to suffer. |
Gender Identity |
Internal feeling of maleness or femaleness |
Sexual Identity |
Feeling of who you are attracted to |
Transgender |
born one sex, identifies as opposite |
Gender Dysmorphia |
Born one sex, identify as other, MUST CAUSE DISCOMFORT |
Treatment for Gender Dysmorphia |
Research is limited and weak, but psychotherapy, hormone therapy, sexual reassignment surgery |
Addiction is characterized by |
Compulsive behavior, continued use despite negative effects, changes the brain structure and function |
Addiction is like other diseases |
Preventable, treatable, changes biology, could last a lifetime if untreated, strong physiological component |
Dopamine |
Neurotransmitter involved in movement, motivation, addiction, reward. Less dopamine receptors = high vulnerability |
Drug abuse effects on the brain |
Prolonged use changes brain in fundamental and long-lasting ways, mental/motor skills lost |
Environmental factors for drug addiction |
Stress, early physical abuse, witnessing violence, peers who use drugs, drug availability |
DSM characterizes substance related disorders under which axis? |
Axis I |
Substance use disorders |
Abuse/dependence |
Substance-induced disorders |
Withdrawal/disorders |
Substance Abuse |
patter of use; significant impairment/dysfunction. Includes failed role obligation, use in hazardous situations, recurrent legal problems, continued use despite problems but doesn't meet criteria for dependency |
Substance Dependence (addiction) |
Maladaptive use and 3+ symptoms in 12 months: tolerance, withdrawal, increase in amount used over time, unsuccessful at controlling use, increased time recovering, gave up other social/occupational things, continue despite negative effects |
Substance Induced Disorder |
Have the symptoms and meet the criteria for another DSM diagnosis, but onset of symptoms developed during substance intoxication or withdrawal. |
Substance Use changes in DSM-V |
10 classes of substances to be addicted to and each has 3 disorders (use, intoxication, withdrawal) |
10 Classes of substances to abuse |
Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, tobacco, other |
Traditional Treatments for addiction |
abstinence programs, CBT, learn coping skills |
Pathological gambling |
impulse control disorder popularized by the World Series of Poker |
Kleptomania |
Impulse control disorder of stealing for the thrill of it |
Pyromania |
Impulse control disorder for the thrill of watching something burn |
Intermittent Explosive Disorder |
Impulse control disorder of (random) violent acts |
Trichotillomania |
Impulse control disorder of ripping out their own hair |
Trichotillomania |
Impulse control disorder of ripping out their own hair |
Why do we need sleep? |
No unified theory, but perhaps cellular construction/replenishment, neuronal rerouting, filing of memories, improve the immune system |