32 Cards in this Set
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VAPORIZATION
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LIQUID TO GAS, ENDO
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condensation
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Process of water changing from vapor to a liquid; EXOTHERMIC
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network covalent
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nonmetals held together by covalent bonds
higher melting points and boiling points
higher energy needed to break bond
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Molecular
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non-metal - non-metal,
low melting points
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melting point of an impure compound
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lower than pure
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Simple Cubic
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Comes from Simple Cubic Packing
Coordination Number= 6
Atoms per unit cell: 8*(1/8)= 1
Edge Length: l=2r
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Body centered
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Coordination #=8
2 atoms
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Face centered cubic
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Coordination=12
4 atoms per cell
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1st order
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concentration change = change in rate
1/sec
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2nd order
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rate=k[A]^2
1/MS
positive slope
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Zero Order
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M/s
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Increase the value of a rate constant
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decrease activation energy
Raise temperature
Add catalyst
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Half life
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Independent of concentration, 1st order
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acid (Bronsted-Lowry acid)
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a proton donor
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Base Bronsted Lowry base
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accepts H+ ions
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E potential
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independent of number of moles present
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Nernst equation
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an equation stating that the voltage of an electrochemical cell under any conditions depends on the standard cell voltage and the concentrations of the cell components
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Faraday and mass
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The least number of faradays of electricity would be required with the greatest molar mass element
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Do solids affect concentration changes?
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No
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1st law thermo
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Energy is conserved
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2nd law of Thermo
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entropy of the universe increases
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3rd law of thermo
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entropy of a crystal at 0 K is 0
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What does delta G equal at equilibrium
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zero
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delta Sº units
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J/molK
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delta S universe is positive, then
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spontaneous
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ΔSSys=ΔSrxn
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ΔS°rxn = ΣnS°(Products)– ΣnS°(Reactants)
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nonspontaneous reaction
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reactant favored
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Activation energy
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the minimum energy of a collision required for two molecules to react
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Catalyst
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A substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation- energy barrier; the catalyst is not used up.
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Strong Acids
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Hydroiodic (HI)
hydrobromic (HBr)
hydrochloric (HCl)
nitric (HNO3)
perchloric (HClO4)
chloric (HClO3)
sulfuric (H2SO4)
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Strong Bases
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LiOH
NaOH
KOH
Ba(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
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BUFFER
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weak acid + conjugate base
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CHEM 108: Terms