STAT 371: Chapter 1 vocab
21 Cards in this Set
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Statistics
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A method of describing and measuring aspects of nature from samples while quantifying the uncertainty of those samples.
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Estimation
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Inferring an unknown quantity of a target population with sample data to approximate the truth.
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Parameter
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A quantity describing a population.
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Null Hypothesis
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Specific claim about population quantity.
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Population
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Entire collection of individuals/units a researcher is interested in
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Sample
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A small set of individuals drawn from population.
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Precision
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The spread of estimates resulting from sample error.
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Accurate
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unbiased
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Bias
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systematic discrepancy between estimates and true population characteristics
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Same of convenience
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A collection of individuals easily available to researcher. Undesireable
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Volunteer bias
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Bias from difference between volunteers and the population they are meant to represent
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Variable
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Any characteristic/measurement that differs from individual to individual
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Data
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Raw measurements of one or more variables made on sample
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Categorical Variable
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Describes something without using numbers. Nominal and Ordinal are the two types.
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Nominal
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Type of categorical variable. Categories have no inherent order.
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Ordinal
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Type of categorical variable. Can be ordered.
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Numerical Variable
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Describes something using numbers. The two types are continuous and discrete.
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Continuous
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A type of numerical variable. Can take on any real-number variable in some range.
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Discrete
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A type of numerical variable. Has indivisible units.
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Response variable
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dependent variable
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Explanatory variable
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independent variable
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STAT 371: Stats 371 I