View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (28)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
GEOG 370: Lec7&8
Data-Ink |
Ink that conveys relevant information/useful information |
Non-Data Ink |
Information that is not relevant to the map |
Chartjunk |
Needless effects on a map (e.g., 3-D display)
A subset of non-data ink |
Edward Tufte |
-Idea of Data-ink
-Must be ink-efficient
-Efficiency involves removing redundant data-ink |
Negative Space |
Lack of data-ink |
Don Norman |
-Aesthetics matter -> things that are pretty work better |
Norman's three levels of human reaction to a designed object |
Level 1: Visceral Reaction: Reacting without thinking, instinct. Can condition how ppl start to view the map
Level 2: Behavioral Reaction: How you interact with the map. Easy to use or frustrating?
Level 3: Reflective Level: Stepping back & thinking/reflecting about the design itself. Can affect political emotions/reflections |
Visual Hierarchy |
The order in which objects are seen when first viewing a map.
People should see first what you want them to see first
What stands out |
Typeface |
Groups of characters designed to go together
They are designed to look similar to other characters in the typeface
|
Serif vs Sans Serif |
Serif type has serifs, extra little fancy decorative things on typeface
San serif is a typeface without serifs
Serif used for physical features, sans serif for human constructs |
Style |
A type style is a variation on the typeface
e.g., Bold, Italic
Not every typeface has a style |
Case |
UPPER CASE and lower case
Title Case -> capitalize first letter of word in title
Small Caps: halfway between upper and lower case, made from all caps but different sized letters |
Tracking |
amount of space between each letter |
Leading |
Distance between lines |
Baseline Shift |
Everything typed is on a line, can move the text above or below the baseline |
Point Size |
1 point = 1/77th of an inch
Point size refers to the box size around the character |
Functions of Labeling |
Tells what and where something is
Gives distinctions between things:
Nominal Distinctions: distinguish btwn categories
Ordinal Distinctions: disntinguish btwn things in same category |
Placing Labels |
Goal is to be as clear as possible with labels, unambiguous
e.g., "This dot is this city" |
Labeling Points |
-Put label in the corner of the point
-Don't label right next to the point bc the point can look like a letter
-Space evenly
-When lines run near a dot, keep label on same side of the line as the point
-Label coastal features in the body of water to show the point's relationship to the water
|
Labeling Lines |
-Label along the line, not like a point
-Don't label upside down
-Label should be above the line, curved with the feature
-Label multiple times if needed |
Labeling Areas |
-Spread across the area (tracking and leading come in handy)
-Curve the label with the area to show the label & area are associated
-If you can't fit the label inside the area, label the area as a point |
Solving Congestion/Cluttered Areas - Masking |
Helps labels stand out in cluttered areas |
Solving Congestion/Cluttered Areas - Colors
|
Changing color of objects helps distinguish between features |
Solving Congestion/Cluttered Areas - Lead Lines |
-Lines connecting the label to the feature helps create a clear relationship between objects
-Put the line in the middle of the label (center and symmetry important)
-Bends or curves can be used if can't do a straight line
-Don't use lead lines if you don't have to
|
Solving Congestion/Cluttered Areas - Waterbugging
|
Labeling on a curve to get it out of the way of something else on the map |
Solving Congestion/Cluttered Areas - Inset Maps |
Can separate information that is clustered and hard to label |
Solving Congestion/Cluttered Areas - Use Abbreviations |
Don't use unless necessary but it is a valuable tool to save space |
Annotations |
-Blocks of text that supplement the map patterns
-Describes patterns to ensure clarity
-Extra info not on map but relevant to the story can be included
-Keep annotations off of important areas but near the area it is talking about --> near but out of the way |