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Nervous System
Cell body (soma) |
Part of neuron containing the nucleus |
Axon hillock of trigger zone |
Connect to axon- last site where membrane potentials propagated from synaptic inputs before being transmitted to axon |
Dendrites |
Branched extension- impulses received are sent to cell body (soma) |
Axon |
Threadlike part- impulses conduction from cell body are sent to other cells
|
Myelin sheath |
Lipid sheath around a nerve fiber |
Node of Ranvier |
Gap in myelin sheath |
Internodes |
Part of axon (sheathed in myelin) between two nodes of ranvier |
Oligodendrocytes |
Form myelin in brain and spinal cord |
Microglia |
Phagocytize and destroy microorganisms, foreign matter, and dead nervous tissue |
Astrocyte |
Supportive framework (CNS), nourish neurons, form scar tissue |
Ependymal cell |
Line cavities of brain and spinal cord, secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
Schwann |
Form neurilemma around PNS nerve fibers and myelin, aid in regeneration of damaged nerve fibers |
Satellite |
Surround somas of neurons in gangila, provide electrical insulation, regulate chemical environment (neurons)
|
Epineurium |
Outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve |
Perineurium |
Sheath of connective tissue surrounding a fascile |
Endoneurium |
Delicate connective tissue around myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber |
Fascicle |
Bundle of nerve or muscle fibers |
Afferent fibers |
Carry sensory signals from receptors to CNS |
Efferent fibers |
Carry motor signals from CNS to effectors |
Somatic fibers |
Innervate skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints |
Visceral fibers |
Innervate blood vessels, glands, viscera |
Sensory nerves |
Transmit sensory information |
Motor nerves |
Carry impulses from nervous system to muscle(s)/gland(s) |
Mixed nerves |
Contains sensory and motor fibers |