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HIST 1311: Final Exam
5 aspects of Manifest Destiny
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-political
-economic
-cultural
-racial
-religious |
Economic effects of Manifest Destiny:
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- Indians used the barter system
- Mx had fuedalism (landlords, peasants) |
cultural effects of Manifest Destiny
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- Anglos belief that they were superior to Indians
- Mx culture was "white man's burden" |
racial effects of manifest destiny
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US racial heirarchy with whites on top
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religious effects of manifest destiny
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Indians were spiritualistic and non christian
Mx was Roman Catholic
US felt superior religiously as well |
Mormons in Utah:
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Utah became their new "holy land"
excluded non Mormons
close relationships with Indians |
ideology of manifest destiny
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western expansion and God's design (from sea to shining sea)
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webster-ashburton treaty
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est border between Maine and Canada in the east and Oregon and Canada in the west (49th parallel)
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President Polk wants:
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Oregon
Texas
California |
Why pay Mexico after winning war with them?
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est legally binding agreement, US had legalistic attitude
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Free Soiler
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a group who believed that the spread if slavery should be stopped but did not think that slavery should be outlawed all together
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Popular sovereignty
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Right of the people to self government
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Compromise of 1850
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1.Reopened slavery question.
2. Henry Clay's compromise: California=free and people decided for the rest of Mexican territory.
3. slave trade (not slavery) was banned in DC.
4.fugitive slave act: southerners had right to reclaim slaves who escaped to free states. those who didn't help could be fined or jailed.
5.south was convinced this would make north accept slaver, negative reaction they felt it was evil. |
What 3 men are associated with the Compromise of 1850?
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Henry Clay (author)
John C. Calhoun (pro slavery)
Daniel Webster (anti slavery) |
conscience whigs
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a group of antislavery members of the whig party (Northerners)
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Cotton Whig
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Supported slavery for a economic reason (Southerner)
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Irish Potato Famine
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a famine that was caused by the loss of the Irish potato crop, which was wiped out by a blight
Ireland, 1840s
important because it showed why dependence on a single crop could be dangerous |
Harriet Beacher Stowe
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
Abolitionist
Used story to humanize black slaves
Said that slavery corrupted white Christians
Book converted a lot of people to abolition |
Franklin Pierce
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1853-1857
Democrat
Considered the most handsome president
Twelve year old son was decapitated in front of him.
Youngest president until Roosevelt |
Two Generals of the Mexican War
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Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Ended Mexican War results Mexican Cession
US paid $15 million for land |
Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
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Condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women
Called for greater access to education and employment |
Know Nothings
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Members of the American Party. Maintained secrecy by claiming to know nothing.
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Temperance Reformers
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Wanted to end alcohol
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Gadsden Purchase
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Gave U.S. another 30,000 square miles in New Mexico and Arizona in 1853.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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This act of Congress repealed the Missouri Compromise (slave power conspiracy by the South uncovered)
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Ostend Manifesto
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Pierce prepared to pay $120 million for Cuba, if not he would take it by force, didn't come to anything because North found out and protested
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Bleeding Kansas
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Kansas settlers had the ability to choose whether not it should be a free or slave state, pro- and anti-slave forces fought, John Brown sought to arm slaves and get ammunition, killing 5 people in Kansas (hanged)
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John Brown
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radical Abolitionist
Led a raid starting from Kansas to Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1856. Raided arsenal planning to give weapons to slaves. Sentenced to death and was hanged.
Significance: made violence against the practice of slavery acceptable
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Dred Scott and Dred Scott Decision
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Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri who's owner moved to Illinois and kept him as a slave in Illinois (a free state). Dred Scott sued for his freedom and he argued he was in a territory where slavery was illegal.
-Slaves/blacks that were in free states could not become citizens of the United States.
-he couldn’t file a case because he wasn’t a citizen of the US.
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Freeport doctrine
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Idea put forth by Stephen Douglas that the residents of a territory could still ban slavery despite what supreme court decided on with Dred Scott
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dominance of regionalism
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1860's
Democratic party split over the issue of slavery |
Election of 1860
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leads directly to secession of South
lincoln wins with only 40% of popular vote
split democratic party
douglas: only candidate to campaign for himself |
Election of 1840
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Harrison defeats van Buren w/ John Tyler as running mate
Harrison dies
Tyler(Whig) prez
thrown out of whig party
try to impeach - cabinet resigns |
Election of 1844
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Democratic Party
Candidates: Polk
Whig Party
Candidates: Clay
Liberty Party
Candidates: Birney
Polk wins election.
Significant because of the rise of abolition. |
election of 1848
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Zachary Taylor wins election, dies in office and Fillmore takes over
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The border states
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Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Missouri |
Fugitive Slave Law
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Law passed as part of Compromise of 1850 requiring that all runaway slaves be returned to their masters; those who willfully ignored the law were to be punished
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Confederate States of America
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Confederation formed in 1861 by the 11 Southern states after their secession from the union
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What was the message of Lincoln's first inaugural speech
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3/4/1861
1. No conflict with the South unless they provoke it
2. We as a union cannot physically separate
3. He did not want to interfere with the Southern states that already were declared slave states |
Civil war: beginning event
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Firing on Fort Sumter by confederate troops April 12 1861
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Issues behind civil war
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State rights
Slave issue |
goals of the Confederate States of America during Civil War
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maintain independence of the CSA
outlast the North to win the war |
Sep. 22, 1862
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Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation in an attempt to free Southern States.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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freeing black slaves in states against the Union
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effects of the emancipation proclamation
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increased support from abroad, Britain would not support slavery
inspired slaves to escape and join the Union army |
13th Amendment
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banned slavery in the united states
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April 9 1865
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Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox courthouse
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April 14, 1865
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Lincoln assassinated
John Wilkes Booth |
Linear warfare
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soldiers line up linearly and advance toward opponent
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Union advantages during the Civil War
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1. manpower (outnumbered South by 2-1)
2. industry (manufacture and commerce)
3. finance
4. communications
5. railroad 2/3 of rail was in the North |
Confederate advantages during the Civil War
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1. slaves (didnt have to pay them to work)
2. fighting on home turf
3. quality of General Officers (Westpoint trained)
4. troops (better shooters) |
Lincoln's plan to finance the war
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1. increased tariffs
2. sell public land
3. issue paper currency (cheaper than silver/gold)
4. borrowed money from the Dutch |
Confederate plan to finance the Civil War
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created currency, led to inflation
|
battles of the civil war
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1. Bull Run
2. Shiloh
3. Southern Pines
4. Antietam
5. Vicksburg
6. Fredericksburg
7. Gettysburg
8. Chancellorsville |
Second Battle of Bull Run
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This battle took place near Manassas, Virginia. Confederate Stonewall Jackson against Union John Pope. Confederacy won.
1862 |
First Battle of Bull Run
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July 21, 1861; Manasses Junction, Union army had 35000 men, Beauregard only had 20000; met on July 21 & had same idea of attacking, the battle was a sobering experience for both sides & the war was not won quickly, Lincoln changed his strategies & instead tried to focus on the Anaconda Plan
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Battle of Shiloh
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1862 Civil War Battle where nearly 25,000 Union and Confederate troops were killed and wounded; damaged Grant’s rising reputation.
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battle of seven pines
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Gen Lee vs. Gen McClellan
Lincoln visits McClellan after the battle and is largely ignored by the General (General is fired) |
What led to the Emancipation Proclamation?
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When the union "won" at the battle of Antietam
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