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SPHS-S 110: EXAM 2
Biological stuttering
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lack of brain dominance in speech
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behavioral stuttering
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environmental, stuttering is learned
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psychological stuttering
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stuttering caused by an internal conflict or unconscious needs
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what are the two characteristics of stuttering?
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developmentaland secondary
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developmentalstuttering
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severity increases as child gets older, occurs on content words and initial syllables
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secondary stuttering
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"accessory behaviors", eyeblinking, facial grimacing, exaggerated movements of parts of body
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what are two important components of a stuttering evaluation
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detailed analysis of speech behaviors and parent interview
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indirect intervention
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parental education: loss stress environment, slow and relaxed speech, manip. of environment
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direct intervention
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children taught to identify easy and hard speech, strategies to modify speech behavior
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sound/syllablerepetition
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"that's a s-s-s-s-snake"
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sound prolongation
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"give me my baaaaalll"
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broken word
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"she-she-she did it"
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mono-syllabic whole-word repetitions
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"do you wanna wanna eat?"
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phrase repetition/interjection
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"you're not you're not joking"
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revisions
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"she sent the-she threw the ball"
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what is the main focus of fluency-shaping intervention techniques
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changing overall rate of speech timing patterns, pausing/phrasing, response-contingent stimulation
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what is the main focus of stuttering modification intervention
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changing the stuttering behavior
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disorders of use/misuse
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-vocal nodules
-vocal polyps
-laryngitis
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disorders of neurological/biological origin
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contact ulcers, parkinson's disease, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngeal papillomas, vocal fold paralysis
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articulatory refers to
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speech
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phonology refers to
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language
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english has __ phonemes, but _____ sounds
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26; 41-43
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final consonant deletion
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CVC reduces to CV, "ball" becomes "ba"
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weak syllable deletion
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"refrigerator" becomes "frigerator"
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consonant cluster reduction
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CCV reduces to CV, "tree" becomes "tee"
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assimilation
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ones consonant becomes like another, "doggie" becomes "goggie"
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stopping |
fricatives are replaced by stops, "this" becomes "dis"
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gliding
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liquids are replaced by glides or approximants, "rascally rabbit" becomes "wascawy wabbit"
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articulatory disorders
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disorders of speech, impairment in the movement of tongue, teeth, lips or palate
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phonological displacement
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disorders of language, affect classes of sounds and sound patterns
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