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PSY 0010: EXAM 3
Emotions |
brief, acute changes in conscious experience & physiology
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Moods |
transient changes in affect that fluctuate in longer periods
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Affective Traits
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enduring aspects of personalities
set thresholds for emotional states
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Basic Emotions (6)
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anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise
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Self-Conscious Emotions(5)
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shame, guilt, humiliation, embarrassment, pride
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Broaden-and-build model
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positive emotions widen the cognitive perspective and enhance thinking
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Antecedent event
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situation that MAY lead to an emotional response
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Appraisal |
evaluation of situation with respect to relevance to one's own welfare
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Emotional Regulation
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reevaluation of views of an event for different emotional results
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Expressive Suppression
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deliberate attempt to inhibit outward display of an emotion
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Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
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observes muscular movements in face to identify emotions
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Duchenne Smile
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exhibits genuine enjoyment
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Subjective Experience of Emotion
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quality of conscious experience during emotion
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James-Lange theory of emotion
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perception of physiological changes that accompany emotions creates the subjective emotional experience
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Neurocultural theory of emotion
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some aspects of emotion are universal, while others are culture specific
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Display Rules
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learned norms of when to display emotions
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Emotional Intelligence
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ability to recognize emotions in oneself and others
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Life Satisfaction
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overall evaluation we have of our lives
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Subjective well-being
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category for life satisfaction
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Personality |
unique and enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, motives that characterize an individual
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Trait |
disposition to behave consistently in a particular way
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Behavioral Thresholds
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point at which you move from not having a particular response to having one
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Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Approach
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look for location of specific DNA on genes that might be associated with particular behaviors
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Temperament |
biologically based disposition to behave in certain ways
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Trait Theories
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assumes traits/dispositions are major force behind personality
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Big Five/Five-Factor model
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describes dimensions of personality
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Big Five Personality Dimensions
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Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
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Basic Tendencies
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sum of Big Five dimensions + talents+aptitudes+cognitive abilities
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Cortical Arousal
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how active brain is at resting state & sensitivity to stimulation
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Projective Tests
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presenting an ambiguous stimulus or situation to participants and asking them to give their interpretation (ink blobs)
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Rorshach Inkblot Test
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example of a projective test
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Rational/face valid
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involves using reason or theory to come up with questions for personality questionnaire
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Empirical Method
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focuses on whether responses to various items differentiate between the groups being studied
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Imprinting
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tendency in animals to observe first large creature they see after birth
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Attachment
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strong emotional connection that happens early in life to keep infants close to parents
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Separation Anxiety
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distress reaction shown by babies when separated from primary caregivers
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Secure Attachment
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infants are happy and initiate contact when mother returns after separation
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Insecure Attachment
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infants lack the ability to engage in effective play and exploration
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Insecure-Avoidant attachment
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infant shows no distress in separation and ignores caregiver upon return
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Insecure-resistant attachment
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infant cannot be consoled by mother upon return from attachment
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Insecure-Disorganized
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infants display odd, conflicted behaviors when mother returns from separation period
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Social Referencing
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make use of social & emotional information from another person
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Emotional Competence
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ability to control emotions and to know when to express them
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Social Psychology
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studies effecets of real or imagined presence of others on people's thoughts, feelings, and actions
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Social Facilitation
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presence of others improves our own performance on tasks
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Social Loafing
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presence of others causes individuals to relax their standards on tasks
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Social norms
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rules about acceptable behavior
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Conformity |
occurs when people adjust behavior to what other people are doing
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Informational Social Influence
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when people conform to behavior of others because they view them as a source of knowledge
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Normative Social Influence
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when people conform to behavior of others for acceptance
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Groupthink |
thinking of groups take over and cause individuals to forgo critical analysis
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Obedience
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yielding to social pressure of authority figure
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Attributions |
inferences we make about causes of other people's behavior
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Situational Attributions
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the cause of behavior was based on the situation
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Dispositional Attributions
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cause of person's behavior was from within oneself
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Self-Serving Bias
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giving yourself situational attributions and others dispositional attributions
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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most people explain other's behavior with dispositional attributions
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Prosocial Behavior
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benefits other people
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Bystander Effect
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the more people there are, the less likely an individual is to help in a situation
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Altruism |
selfless concern for and the giving of aid to others
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Kin Selection
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evolutionary mechanism for helping close relatives/kin
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Reciprocal Altruism
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helping others because they may help you later
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Social Exchange Theory
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we help others because it can be rewarding
we help only if rewards outweigh the costs of helping
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Empathy |
sharing feeling and understandidng about another's situation
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Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
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people offer selfless help if they empathize with the victim
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Sexual Strategies Theory
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men and women approach relationships differently
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Triangular Theory of Love
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intimacy, passion, and commitment are essential elements of love
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