View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (93)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
BIOL 2140: ECOLOGY EXAM 2
aestivation or estivation
|
when ectotherms go into a torpid sleep during summer and lower Metabolic Rate (MR) to conserve energy, water, ect.
only reptiles
|
acclimation also acclimatization
|
phenotypic plasticity or physical thing that an organism does
|
active metabolic rate
|
increasing levels in activity
used to measure the cost to do work
|
abiotic |
non living chemical and physical factors in the enviornment that affect an ecosystem
|
Allen's Rule
|
for some species the relative length of appendages increases as we to warmer weather and shorten as we go to colder weather
|
allometry or allometric relationships
|
also called biological scaling
change in organisms in relation to proportional changes in body size
|
altricial |
refers to a patter of growth and development in organisms which are incapable of moving around on their own soon after hatching or being born
|
ammonotelic
|
an organism that secretes ammonia as an end product of metabolism
|
anabolic
|
construction of molecules from smaller units
ex. bone and muscle growth
|
anhydrobiosis |
a dormant stae involving loss of almost body water
on the brink of dehydration
|
anoxia |
no oxygen
|
assimilation
|
conversion of nutrients into a usable form that is incorporated into the body after digestion
|
average daily matabolic rate
|
integrates real life energy costs in free ranging animals
|
basal metabolic rate
|
minimal rate for a:
non growing adult mammal or bird (endotherm)
fasting within thermal neutral zone (no thermoregulatory cost)
resting
|
bioantifreeze
|
glycerol and glycoproteins in Antartic fisha and invertebrates
reduces freezing point
|
biotic
|
living organisms in the enviornment
|
brown adipose tissue
|
tissue in mammals whose main function is to generate body heat
|
calorimetry
|
measure metabolic heat produced by organisms
|
catabolic |
metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds
|
circadian
|
occuring within 24 hours
|
conduction |
transfer of heat between substance in contact with one another
|
conformers |
animal for which an internal condition conforms witha change in an environmental variable
|
convection |
transfer of heat by the movement of fluid
|
counter-current exchange
|
movement of fluids in opposite directions on either sid of a separating barrier through wich heat or dissolved substances can pass
|
diapause |
temporary interruption of development of physical function
|
double labeled water
|
HTO18
the decrease in T tells you how much O18 was lost as water
total O18 minus O18 lost as water = the amount of O18 lost as CO2
|
ectotherms |
uses external heat to maintain body temp
|
endergonic
|
a non spontaneous reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
|
endogenous
|
originating within the organism or from causes within the organism
|
endotherms |
organism that can maintain it's own body heat
|
energy
|
capacity to work
|
energy equivalence rule
|
that populations tend to consume about the same amount of food per unit of area regardless of the size of the individuals
|
entropy |
measure of disorder
|
eurytolerant
|
widely tolerant
|
evaporation |
losing water as wator vapor
|
exergonic
|
spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of energy
|
exogenous |
originating outside the organism
|
Fick's Law
|
diffusion of gases
|
First law of thermodynamics
|
we can change/convert one from of energy to another
|
first order evolutionary relationships
|
relationship between a performance and body size
|
flux |
Tc or core temperature fluctuates
|
genotype-environment interaction
|
interaction between the genetic characteristics of an organism and that organism's environment that determines it's phenotype
|
heat-shock proteins
|
protein that helps protect other proteins during heat stress
found in plants, animals, and microorganisms
|
heterotherms
|
An animal that is endothermic part of the time but can reduce metabolic heat production and lower body temperature when conservation of food energy supplies is necessary
|
hibernation |
state of winter dormancy involving lowered body temp and metabolism
only mammals and birds
|
homeokinesis |
Achievement of equilibrium in body functions by dynamic processes
|
homeostasis
|
maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external enviornment
|
homeotherms |
maintaining a constant body temp. int he face of a fluctuating enviornmental temp.
|
hyperosmotic
|
having an osmotic potential greater than that of the surrounding area
|
hyperoxia
|
higher levels of oxygen
|
hyperthermia |
abnormally high body temp
|
hyposmotic
|
having an osmotic potential less than that of the surrounding medium
|
hypothermia |
abnormally low body temp
|
hypoxia |
depletion of oxygen
|
isometric |
depletion of oxygen
|
isosmotic |
equal osmotic pressure
|
Kleibers law or the Tree fourth power rule
|
the best line of fitness is 0.75
if the mass increase by 1 then perfomance increases by 0.75
|
Liebigs law of the minimum
|
your only as strong as your weakest link
|
Metabolic theory of ecology
|
temperature has consistent effects processes important to ecology and evolution
|
newton's law of cooling
|
rate of change of the temperature is the difference between the initial temp and the ambient temp
|
normoxia |
normal oxygen conditions
|
osmolarity |
measure of solute concentration
|
osmosis
|
diffusion of water
|
oxidation |
loss of electrons from a substance involved in redox reaction
|
phenotypic plasticity
|
genetically based capacity of an idividual to respond to the environmental variation by changing its form, function, or behavior
|
precocial |
the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching
|
precocity
|
developing faster than the norm
|
Q10 |
measure rate of chnge at different temp.
temp. quotient
|
Radiation |
energy emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves
|
reaction norm
|
relationshop between the phenotype of an individual with a particular genotype and conditions in that individuals environment
|
reiprocal transplant studdy
|
exchange of individuals of the same species between two different habitats to determice the relative contributions of genotype and environment to the phenotye
|
reduction |
addition of electrons to a substance invovled in a redox reaction
|
respiration
|
use of oxygen to metabolize organic compounds an release chemical energy
|
respirometry |
measure volume of O2 consumed or Co2 put out
|
second law of thermodynamics
|
entropy- you are losing energy at each conversion
|
second order evolutionary relationships
|
singnificant adaptation from the expected measurement
|
standard metabolic rate
|
minimal rate for ectotherms
they have to be an adult, fasting, resting, an ectotherm, and under ambient conditions
|
stenotolerant |
narrowly tolerant
|
STPD |
standard temperature pressure (dry)
|
Supercooling
|
tissue fluids in some reptiles and invertebrates do not freeze
|
thermal neutral zone
|
no cost to thermoregulate within TNZ
only mammals and birds have a TNZ
|
thermogenesis |
... |
thermoregulation
|
maintenance of internal body temp within a tolerable range
|
torpor |
voluntary, reversible condition of low body temp and physiological activity
|
ureotelic |
organism that secretes uria as an end product of metabolism
|
uricotelic |
organism that secretes uric acid as an end product of metabolism
|
Van't Hoff Rule
|
when the Q10's are between 2 and 4
|
Vo2 |
volume of oxygen
|
How we lose and gain heat
|
Lose heat by radiation, conduction, convection, evaportain, and feces+urine
Gain heat by radiation, conduction, and convection
|
intraspecific
|
same species
|
interspecific
|
different species
|
teleost |
bony fish
|
Fick's law equation
|
R=DA(p/d)
R-rate it diffuses in or out P-difference in partial pressure
D-how fast it travels in what it's diffusing
d-distance must travel A-surface area
|