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Biology 1344: Digestive System
The digestive system provides the body with the _____ , _____ , and _____ essential for health |
nutrients, water electrolytes |
The organs of the system _____ , _____ , and _____ food and eliminate the undigested remains as _____ |
ingest
digest
absorb food
fecal matter |
digested food products then pass through the _____ cells lining of the tract into the _____ to the different body cells : a process known as _____ |
blood
epithelial
absorption |
_____ or the GI tract :
consists of mouth, _____, esophagus, _____, small and large intestine |
Alimentary canal
pharynx
stomach |
Accessory digestive organs:
teeth, _____, gall bladder, _____ and pancreas ( having _____ functions) |
salivary glands
liver
secretory |
The mucosa is the innermost layer of the _____ |
gastrointestinal tract |
The mucosa
surrounds the _____, or open space within the tube |
lumen |
______ is the layer of the digestive tract wall that comes into direct contact with food (chyme)
|
mucosa |
The mucosa is made up of three layers: |
Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis mucosae |
Epithelium - _____ layer. Responsible for most _____, absorptive and _____ processes |
innermost
digestive
secretory |
Lamina propria - a layer of _____ tissue. Unusually _____ compared to most connective tissue |
connective
cellular |
Muscularis mucosae - a thin layer of _____. Function is still under debate. The mucosae are highly _____ in each organ of the _____ to deal with the different conditions. The most variation is seen in the _____ |
smooth muscle
specialized
gastrointestinal tract
epithelium |
The submucosa consists of a dense irregular layer of _____ with large blood vessels, _____, and nerves branching into the mucosa and muscularis externa. It contains _____ an enteric nervous plexus, situated on the inner surface of the muscularis _____ |
connective tissue
lymphatics
Meissner's plexus
externa |
The muscularis externa consists of an _____ and a longitudinal outer muscular layer. The _____ muscle layer prevents food from traveling backward and the longitudinal layer _____ the tract |
inner circular layer
circular
shortens |
the actual oral cavity (cavum oris) is the frontal and lateral area enclosed by the teeth and is largely taken up by the _____ |
tongue |
The area between the tooth rows and the lips or cheeks is called the _____ (vestibulum oris) |
oral vestibule |
The mucosa contains sense receptors for _____ and _____ sense |
temperature
tactile |
The movable mucosa in the area around the rows of teeth merges into the gums (_____) attached to the jaw bone |
gingiva |
The Pharynx is part of the digestive system and _____ |
respiratory system |
the _____ closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or asphyxiation |
epiglottis |
The _____ is that part of the pharynx behind the oral cavity. It is lined with _____ |
oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium |
The _____ lies behind the nasal cavity and like the nasal passages is lined with _____ |
nasopharynx
ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium |
The _____(laryngopharynx) serves as a passageway for food and air and is lined with a _____
|
hypopharynx
stratified squamous epithelium |
During swallowing, food has the "right of way", and _____ temporarily stops |
air passage |
The _____ is a narrow muscular tube about 20-30 centimeters long, which starts at the _____ at the back of the mouth, passes through the thoracic diaphragm, and ends at the _____ of the stomach |
esophagus
pharynx
cardiac orifice |
The wall of the esophagus is made up of two layers of _____ |
smooth muscles |
The stomach lies between the _____ and the _____ |
esophagus
duodenum |
The top of the stomach lies against the _____ |
diaphragm |
Lying behind the stomach is the _____ |
pancreas |
The greater omentum hangs down from the _____ |
greater curvature |
Two sphincters keep the contents of the stomach contained: The _____ dividing the tract above, and the _____ dividing the stomach from the small intestine |
esophageal sphincter
Pyloric sphincter |
The stomach is surrounded by _____ (stimulant) and _____ (inhibitor) plexuses |
parasympathetic
orthosympathetic |
The Stomach is divided into 4 distinct sections |
Cardia
Fundus
Body or Corpus
Pylorus |
The Cardia is where the contents of the _____ empty into the stomach |
esophagus |
The _____ is formed by the upper curvature of the organ
|
fundus |
The _____ is the main, central region of the stomach |
corpus |
The _____ is the lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestine |
Pyloris |
The Small intestine is where much of the digestion and _____ of food takes place |
absorption |
The _____ precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine, where most _____ takes place |
duodenum
chemical digestion |
the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about _____ cm (10-15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the _____ and ends at the ligament of _____ |
25-38
duodenal bulb
Treitz |
The jejunum lies between the duodenum and the _____ and around ___ cm in the adult human |
ileum
25 |
The jejunum is suspended by _____ which gives the bowel great _____ within the abdomen |
mesentery
mobility |
The Jejunum contains _____ and _____ smooth muscle which helps to move food along by a process known as _____ |
circular
longitudinal
peristalsis |
The ileum follows the duodenum and jejunum and is separated from
the cecum by the _____ |
ileocecal valve (ICV) |
In humans, the ileum is about _____ long |
2–4 m |
The large intestine (or bowel, colon) is the last part of the _____ in vertebrate animals |
digestive system |
The Large intestine's function is to _____ from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless _____ from the body |
absorb water
waste material |
The large intestine consists of the _____, _____ and anal canal |
cecum
rectum |
The large intestine is about _____ long, which is about _____ of the whole length of the intestinal canal |
4.9 feet (1.5 m)
one-fifth |
Accessory digestive Organs : |
Teeth and salivary glands
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas |
The ____ is a salivary gland wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans |
parotid gland |
The _____ are a pair of glands located beneath the tongue, anterior to the submandibular glands |
sublingual glands |
Two major types of cells populate the liver lobes: ______ and _____ |
karat parenchymal cells
non-parenchymal cells |
80% of the liver volume is occupied by _____ commonly referred to as hepatocytes |
parenchymal cells |
the _____, a thin sheet of cells closest to the inside of the gallbladder |
epithelium |
Unlike elsewhere in the intestinal tract, the gallbladder does not have a _____ |
muscularis mucosae |