Biology 1344: Digestive System
56 Cards in this Set
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The digestive system provides the body with the _____ , _____ , and _____ essential for health
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nutrients, water electrolytes
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The organs of the system _____ , _____ , and _____ food and eliminate the undigested remains as _____
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ingest
digest
absorb food
fecal matter
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digested food products then pass through the _____ cells lining of the tract into the _____ to the different body cells : a process known as _____
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blood
epithelial
absorption
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_____ or the GI tract :
consists of mouth, _____, esophagus, _____, small and large intestine
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Alimentary canal
pharynx
stomach
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Accessory digestive organs:
teeth, _____, gall bladder, _____ and pancreas ( having _____ functions)
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salivary glands
liver
secretory
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The mucosa is the innermost layer of the _____
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gastrointestinal tract
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The mucosa
surrounds the _____, or open space within the tube
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lumen
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______ is the layer of the digestive tract wall that comes into direct contact with food (chyme)
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mucosa
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The mucosa is made up of three layers:
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Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis mucosae
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Epithelium - _____ layer. Responsible for most _____, absorptive and _____ processes
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innermost
digestive
secretory
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Lamina propria - a layer of _____ tissue. Unusually _____ compared to most connective tissue
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connective
cellular
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Muscularis mucosae - a thin layer of _____. Function is still under debate. The mucosae are highly _____ in each organ of the _____ to deal with the different conditions. The most variation is seen in the _____
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smooth muscle
specialized
gastrointestinal tract
epithelium
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The submucosa consists of a dense irregular layer of _____ with large blood vessels, _____, and nerves branching into the mucosa and muscularis externa. It contains _____ an enteric nervous plexus, situated on the inner surface of the muscularis _____
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connective tissue
lymphatics
Meissner's plexus
externa
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The muscularis externa consists of an _____ and a longitudinal outer muscular layer. The _____ muscle layer prevents food from traveling backward and the longitudinal layer _____ the tract
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inner circular layer
circular
shortens
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the actual oral cavity (cavum oris) is the frontal and lateral area enclosed by the teeth and is largely taken up by the _____
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tongue
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The area between the tooth rows and the lips or cheeks is called the _____ (vestibulum oris)
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oral vestibule
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The mucosa contains sense receptors for _____ and _____ sense
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temperature
tactile
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The movable mucosa in the area around the rows of teeth merges into the gums (_____) attached to the jaw bone
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gingiva
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The Pharynx is part of the digestive system and _____
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respiratory system
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the _____ closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or asphyxiation
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epiglottis
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The _____ is that part of the pharynx behind the oral cavity. It is lined with _____
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oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
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The _____ lies behind the nasal cavity and like the nasal passages is lined with _____
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nasopharynx
ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium
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The _____(laryngopharynx) serves as a passageway for food and air and is lined with a _____
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hypopharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
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During swallowing, food has the "right of way", and _____ temporarily stops
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air passage
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The _____ is a narrow muscular tube about 20-30 centimeters long, which starts at the _____ at the back of the mouth, passes through the thoracic diaphragm, and ends at the _____ of the stomach
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esophagus
pharynx
cardiac orifice
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The wall of the esophagus is made up of two layers of _____
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smooth muscles
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The stomach lies between the _____ and the _____
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esophagus
duodenum
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The top of the stomach lies against the _____
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diaphragm
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Lying behind the stomach is the _____
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pancreas
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The greater omentum hangs down from the _____
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greater curvature
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Two sphincters keep the contents of the stomach contained: The _____ dividing the tract above, and the _____ dividing the stomach from the small intestine
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esophageal sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
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The stomach is surrounded by _____ (stimulant) and _____ (inhibitor) plexuses
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parasympathetic
orthosympathetic
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The Stomach is divided into 4 distinct sections
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Cardia
Fundus
Body or Corpus
Pylorus
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The Cardia is where the contents of the _____ empty into the stomach
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esophagus
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The _____ is formed by the upper curvature of the organ
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fundus
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The _____ is the main, central region of the stomach
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corpus
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The _____ is the lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestine
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Pyloris
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The Small intestine is where much of the digestion and _____ of food takes place
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absorption
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The _____ precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine, where most _____ takes place
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duodenum
chemical digestion
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the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about _____ cm (10-15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the _____ and ends at the ligament of _____
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25-38
duodenal bulb
Treitz
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The jejunum lies between the duodenum and the _____ and around ___ cm in the adult human
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ileum
25
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The jejunum is suspended by _____ which gives the bowel great _____ within the abdomen
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mesentery
mobility
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The Jejunum contains _____ and _____ smooth muscle which helps to move food along by a process known as _____
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circular
longitudinal
peristalsis
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The ileum follows the duodenum and jejunum and is separated from
the cecum by the _____
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ileocecal valve (ICV)
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In humans, the ileum is about _____ long
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2–4 m
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The large intestine (or bowel, colon) is the last part of the _____ in vertebrate animals
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digestive system
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The Large intestine's function is to _____ from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless _____ from the body
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absorb water
waste material
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The large intestine consists of the _____, _____ and anal canal
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cecum
rectum
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The large intestine is about _____ long, which is about _____ of the whole length of the intestinal canal
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4.9 feet (1.5 m)
one-fifth
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Accessory digestive Organs :
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Teeth and salivary glands
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
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The ____ is a salivary gland wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans
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parotid gland
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The _____ are a pair of glands located beneath the tongue, anterior to the submandibular glands
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sublingual glands
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Two major types of cells populate the liver lobes: ______ and _____
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karat parenchymal cells
non-parenchymal cells
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80% of the liver volume is occupied by _____ commonly referred to as hepatocytes
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parenchymal cells
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the _____, a thin sheet of cells closest to the inside of the gallbladder
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epithelium
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Unlike elsewhere in the intestinal tract, the gallbladder does not have a _____
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muscularis mucosae
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Biology 1344: Reproductive System