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Biology 1344: Reproductive System
Fertilization is the fusion of ____ to produce a new organism |
gametes |
In animals, the process involves the fusion of an ovum with a sperm, which eventually leads to the development of an ____ |
embryo |
Once fertilization has occurred, the female ____ provides nurturing, protective environment in which the embryo, later called the ____, develops until birth |
uterus
fetus |
The primary reproductive organs of the males are the ____, the male gonads, which both have an exocrine ( ____ Production) and an endocrine function ( ____ production) |
testes
sperm
testosterone |
The ____ is the male copulatory organ |
penis |
The ____ is a pouch-like structure that hangs behind the penis |
scrotum |
It holds and protects the testes |
Scrotum |
The scrotum remains connected with the abdomen or pelvic cavity by the ____ |
inguinal canal |
The ____, is a whitish mass of tightly coiled tubes cupped against the testicles |
epididymis |
acts as a maturation and storage for sperm before they pass into the vas deferens |
Epididymus |
The ____, also known as the sperm duct, is a thin tube that starts from the epididymis to the pelvic cavity |
vas deferens |
Three accessory glands provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm cells. They are the ____, the ____, and the ____ (Cowper’s glands) |
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands |
____ are sac-like structures attached to the vas deferens at one side of the bladder. |
Seminal vesicles |
They produce a sticky, yellowish fluid that contains fructose |
Seminal Vesicles |
70% of the semen is secreted by the ____ |
Seminal vesicles |
The ____ surrounds the ejaculatory ducts at the base of the urethra, just below the bladder |
prostate gland |
The ____ is responsible for the processing of the semen, a liquid mixture of sperm cells, prostate fluid and seminal fluid |
prostate gland |
The semen remains cloudy and clumpy until the prostatic ____ is formed into fibrinolysin and lysis of the fibrinogen from the ____ fluids occurs |
profibrinolysin
seminal vesicle |
The ____, also called Cowper’s glands |
bulbourethral glands |
two small glands located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland |
Cowper's Glands |
These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly the urethra
|
Bulbourethral Glands |
The ____ is a fibro-muscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body
|
vagina |
The vagina is a canal that joins the ____ (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the body |
cervix |
The ____ is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina |
cervix |
It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall |
Cervix |
The ____ is a pear-shaped muscular organ |
uterus |
The major function of the ____ is to accept a fertilized ovum which becomes implanted into the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose |
Uterus |
The fertilized ovum becomes an ____, develops into
a fetus and ____ until childbirth |
embryo
gestates |
the chromosomes in ____ undergo a recombination which shuffles the genes producing a different genetic combination in each gamete |
meiosis |
the outcome of meiosis is potentially four (genetically unique) ____ cells |
haploid |
____ is the process by which male primordial germ cells
called ____ undergo meiosis |
Spermatogenesis
spermatogonia |
each secondary spermatocyte then divides into two __ |
spermatids |
These develop into mature ____, also known as sperm cells |
spermatozoa |
The process of spermatogenesis is highly sensitive to fluctuations in the environment, particularly ____ and ____ |
hormones
temperature |
At the start of the menstrual cycle, some 12-20 primary follicles begin to develop under the influence of elevated ____ to form secondary follicles |
FSH |