Biology 1344: Reproductive System
35 Cards in this Set
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Fertilization is the fusion of ____ to produce a new organism
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gametes
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In animals, the process involves the fusion of an ovum with a sperm, which eventually leads to the development of an ____
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embryo
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Once fertilization has occurred, the female ____ provides nurturing, protective environment in which the embryo, later called the ____, develops until birth
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uterus
fetus
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The primary reproductive organs of the males are the ____, the male gonads, which both have an exocrine ( ____ Production) and an endocrine function ( ____ production)
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testes
sperm
testosterone
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The ____ is the male copulatory organ
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penis
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The ____ is a pouch-like structure that hangs behind the penis
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scrotum
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It holds and protects the testes
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Scrotum
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The scrotum remains connected with the abdomen or pelvic cavity by the ____
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inguinal canal
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The ____, is a whitish mass of tightly coiled tubes cupped against the testicles
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epididymis
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acts as a maturation and storage for sperm before they pass into the vas deferens
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Epididymus
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The ____, also known as the sperm duct, is a thin tube that starts from the epididymis to the pelvic cavity
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vas deferens
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Three accessory glands provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm cells. They are the ____, the ____, and the ____ (Cowper’s glands)
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seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
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____ are sac-like structures attached to the vas deferens at one side of the bladder.
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Seminal vesicles
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They produce a sticky, yellowish fluid that contains fructose
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Seminal Vesicles
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70% of the semen is secreted by the ____
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Seminal vesicles
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The ____ surrounds the ejaculatory ducts at the base of the urethra, just below the bladder
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prostate gland
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The ____ is responsible for the processing of the semen, a liquid mixture of sperm cells, prostate fluid and seminal fluid
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prostate gland
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The semen remains cloudy and clumpy until the prostatic ____ is formed into fibrinolysin and lysis of the fibrinogen from the ____ fluids occurs
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profibrinolysin
seminal vesicle
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The ____, also called Cowper’s glands
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bulbourethral glands
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two small glands located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland
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Cowper's Glands
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These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly the urethra
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Bulbourethral Glands
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The ____ is a fibro-muscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body
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vagina
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The vagina is a canal that joins the ____ (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the body
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cervix
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The ____ is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina
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cervix
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It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall
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Cervix
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The ____ is a pear-shaped muscular organ
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uterus
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The major function of the ____ is to accept a fertilized ovum which becomes implanted into the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose
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Uterus
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The fertilized ovum becomes an ____, develops into
a fetus and ____ until childbirth
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embryo
gestates
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the chromosomes in ____ undergo a recombination which shuffles the genes producing a different genetic combination in each gamete
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meiosis
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the outcome of meiosis is potentially four (genetically unique) ____ cells
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haploid
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____ is the process by which male primordial germ cells
called ____ undergo meiosis
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Spermatogenesis
spermatogonia
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each secondary spermatocyte then divides into two __
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spermatids
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These develop into mature ____, also known as sperm cells
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spermatozoa
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The process of spermatogenesis is highly sensitive to fluctuations in the environment, particularly ____ and ____
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hormones
temperature
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At the start of the menstrual cycle, some 12-20 primary follicles begin to develop under the influence of elevated ____ to form secondary follicles
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FSH
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Biology 1344: Reproductive System