NRSC 2100: EXAM 2
21 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Criteria for Neurotransmitter Status
|
must be found in presynaptic terminal
enzymes for synthesis
released from presynaptic terminals
action on postsynaptic neuron (PSP)
Postsynaptic receptors
Reuptake/degradation
Predictable pharmacological action
|
|
Small Neurotransmitter Molecules
|
Amino Acids
Amines
Purine
Histamine
|
|
Large Neurotransmitter Molecules
|
Peptides/Neuropeptides
|
|
Excitatory Amino Acids (small neurotransmitter molecule)
|
Glutamate
Aspartate
found everywhere in CNS
responsible for FAST EPSPs
|
|
Inhibitory Amino Acids (small neurotransmitters)
|
GABA
GAD transforms glutamate into GABA
VGAT: vesicular GABA transporter
Responsible for FAST IPSPs
Glycine
responsible for FAST IPSPs
conversion of serine with enzyme serine to form hydroxymethltransferase
|
|
Amines (Small Neurotransmitter Molecules)
|
Acetylcholine
Catecholamines
Indolamine
|
|
acetylcholine
|
- Small Neurotransmitter Molecule; Amine
-causes muscles to contract (frog heart)
-memory
-arousal
|
|
Catecholamines
|
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
|
|
Dopamine
|
Small neurotransmitter molecule; Catecholamine; Amine
-Movement, attention, learning, reward
-Loss of Dopamine = Parkinson's
-Too much Dopamine = Schizophrenia
|
|
Norepinephrine & Epinephrine
|
- released by SNS and adrenals
- control alertness/wakefulness and Alarm
|
|
Indolamine
|
- Serotonin (5HD)
- Regulates mood, emotional behavior, sleep, and arousal
- Target system of some hallucinogenic (LSD) and antidepressant drugs (SSRI)
|
|
Purine (ATP)
|
packaged in synaptic vesicles along with other neurotransmitters
co-released during synaptic transmission
|
|
Histamine
|
widely employed in the CNS
Clearest role in sleep-wake functions
antihistamines found in many cold medicines--contain H1 receptor Agonists
|
|
Peptides, (neuropeptides)
|
synthesized in neural cell bodies and packaged in golgi
transported to synaptic terminals and broken down by peptidases
Endorphines: endogenous opiates; pain
Cholecystokinin: food intake
Vasopressin: Fluid Regulation
|
|
Retrograde Messengers
|
- Neurotransmitters not stored in synaptic vesicles
- endocannabinoids
- nitric oxide
- postsynaptic ---> Presynaptic
|
|
Endocannabinoids
|
- widespread inhibitory in presynaptic neurons
- synthesized in postsynaptic elements
|
|
Dale's Principle
|
- the hypothesis that a neuron releases the same neurotransmitter at all its synapses
- many neurons synthesize and release multiple neurotransmitters at their synapses
- Peptide neurotransmitters
|
|
Cholinergic Neurons
|
neurons that release acetylcholine (ACh)
|
|
Catecholaminergic Neurons
|
Catecholamines
Dopamine
Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Adrenaline
Dopa
|
|
Neuronal Membrane Transporter
|
shuttles transmitter from the extracellular fluid and concentrates in the cytosol
|
|
vesicular transporter
|
after NT's have been released into the synaptic cleft, many are taken up again and inserted into the synaptic vesicles by vesicular transporters
|
NRSC 2100: EXAM 1