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PSIO 201: EXAM 3
3 Types of muscle
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skeletal
cardiac
smooth
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functions of skeletal muscle
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locomotion
facial expression
posture and body position
regulation of body temperature - generate heat
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group of mucles covered by
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deep fascia
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muscle covered by
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epimysium
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fascicle covered by
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perimysium
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muscle fiber covered by
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endomysium |
After birth, growth of muscle fibers happen by
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hypertrophy (increase of size in each fiber)
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hyperplasia
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undergoing mitosis
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satellite cells
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fix damage or increase size of current fibers
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fix damage or increase size of current fibers
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myoblasts |
_____ happens before birth
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hyperplasia
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_____ happens after birth
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hypertrophy
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how is muscle size increased
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satellite cells fuse onto it
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muscle fiber =
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bag of spaghetti
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fascicle =
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costco 6 pack of spaghetti bags
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muscle =
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box of 6 packs
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Muscle formation comes from
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myoblasts
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fibers are typically multinucleated because
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they are large and need to have a lot of genetic material to make proteins and maintain function
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satellite cells have the ability
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to undergo mitosis after birth to aid in muscle regeneration
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Thin filaments made up by
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actin
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thick filament made up of
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myosin |
Sarcomere
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repeating units of thick and thin filaments
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myofibrils are made up of _____ which are made up of ______-
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thick and thin filaments
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thick and thin filaments
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bag of spaghetti
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sarcolemma =
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plastic bag
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myofibrils =
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spaghetti strands
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sarcolemma surrounds the ______
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cytoplasm |
T tubules arise from
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sarcolemma membrane
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T tubules are filled with _____
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extracellular fluid (so if you are inside the tubule you are still outside the cell)
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T Tubule important role
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take outercellular signals deep into cell
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inside the fiber are _____
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myofibrils
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"conduction" refers to
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function of the plasma membrane of muscle fiber
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"control" done by __________
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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role of SR
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role of SR
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why is it important that the T Tubules are next to SR
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SR releases calcium that was stored when T Tubule delivers an electrical signal
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what surrounds myofibrils
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Calcium ______ when you want to contract a muscle
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increases |
y"contraction" done by
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myofibrils
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3 kinds of proteins in muscle
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contractile
regularity
structural
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structural muscle proteins
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titin
alpha actinin
myomesin
dystrophin
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titin does what for muscle
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stabilizes the position of the thick filament and gives muscle elasticity and extensibility and brings sarcomere back to its original
|
alpha actinin
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found in z disk
binds to titin and thick filaments to connect them together at the m line
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myomisin |
found in m line
binds to titin and thick filaments to connect them together at the m line
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dystrophin
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-cytoskeletal protein that links the thin filaments to the sarcolemma
-attached to extracellular proteins in the connective tissues surrounding the muscle fibers
-helps transmit tension from the sarcomeres to the tendons
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Frontalis
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raise eyebrows
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oribicularis oris
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pucker mouth
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orbicularis oculi
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blink |
zygomaticus major
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smile |
platysma |
depress lower lip and mandible; tense neck skin
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temporalis |
elevates and retracts the mandible
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masseter |
elevates and protracts the mandible
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sternocleidomastoid
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rotate or flex head
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rectus abdominins
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flex vertebral column
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external oblique
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if both > flexion of vertebral and compression of abdomen; if one > rotate truck
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transverse abdominis
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compress abdomen
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erector spinae
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one side > lateral flex and rotation of vertebral both > maintain erect posture
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diaphragm |
increase horizontal vertical dimensions of thorax during inspiration
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external intercostal
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expand dimensions of thorax during forced inspiration
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external intercostal
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pull ribs down and decrease thorax in forced expiration
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pectoralis minor
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depresses and protracts the scapula
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superior trapezius
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elevats scapula and clavicle and extend head
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middle trapezius
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adducts scapula
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inferior trapezius
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depresses scapula
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rhomboid major
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elevates, adducts and inferiorly rotates scapula
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rhomboid minor
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elevates, adducts, and inferiorly rotates the scapul
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pectoralis major
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elevates, adducts, and inferiorly rotates the scapul
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latissimus dorsi
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adducts, extends and medially rotates the arm
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deltoid medial fibers
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abduct arm
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deltoid anterior fibers
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flex and medially rotate arm
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deltoid posterior fibers
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flex and medially rotate arm
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supraspinatus
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abducts the arm
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infraspinatus
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laterally rotates and adducts the arm
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teres major
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extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm
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biceps brachii
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flex and supinates form the forearm
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brachialis |
flexes the forearm
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brachioradialis
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flexes the forearm
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triceps brachii
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extends the forearm and extends the arm
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flexor carpi radialis
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flexes and abducts hand
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flexor carpi ulnaris
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flexes and adducts hand
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palmaris longus
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weakly flexes the hand
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flexor digitorum
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flexes middle phalanx of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger, and hand
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flexor digitorum profundus
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flexes distal and middle phalanges of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger, and hand
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extensor digitorum
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extends distal and middle phalanges of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger, and hand
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extensor carpi ulnaris
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extends and adducts hand
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extensor carpi radialis longus
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extends and abducts hand
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extensor digiti minimi
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extends proximal phalanx of little finger and hand
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abductor pollicis longus
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abducts and extends thumb and abducts hand
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