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3 Types of muscle
skeletal cardiac smooth
functions of skeletal muscle
locomotion facial expression posture and body position regulation of body temperature - generate heat
group of mucles covered by
deep fascia
muscle covered by
epimysium
fascicle covered by
perimysium
muscle fiber covered by
endomysium
After birth, growth of muscle fibers happen by
hypertrophy (increase of size in each fiber)
hyperplasia
undergoing mitosis
satellite cells
fix damage or increase size of current fibers
fix damage or increase size of current fibers
myoblasts
_____ happens before birth
hyperplasia
_____ happens after birth
hypertrophy
how is muscle size increased
satellite cells fuse onto it
muscle fiber =
bag of spaghetti
fascicle =
costco 6 pack of spaghetti bags
muscle =
box of 6 packs
Muscle formation comes from
myoblasts
fibers are typically multinucleated because
they are large and need to have a lot of genetic material to make proteins and maintain function
satellite cells have the ability
to undergo mitosis after birth to aid in muscle regeneration
Thin filaments made up by
actin
thick filament made up of
myosin
Sarcomere
repeating units of thick and thin filaments
myofibrils are made up of _____ which are made up of ______-
thick and thin filaments
thick and thin filaments
bag of spaghetti
sarcolemma =
plastic bag
myofibrils =
spaghetti strands
sarcolemma surrounds the ______
cytoplasm
T tubules arise from
sarcolemma membrane
T tubules are filled with _____
extracellular fluid (so if you are inside the tubule you are still outside the cell)
T Tubule important role
take outercellular signals deep into cell
inside the fiber are _____
myofibrils
"conduction" refers to
function of the plasma membrane of muscle fiber
"control" done by __________
sarcoplasmic reticulum
role of SR
role of SR
why is it important that the T Tubules are next to SR
SR releases calcium that was stored when T Tubule delivers an electrical signal
what surrounds myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium ______ when you want to contract a muscle
increases
y"contraction" done by
myofibrils
3 kinds of proteins in muscle
contractile regularity structural
structural muscle proteins
titin alpha actinin myomesin dystrophin
titin does what for muscle
stabilizes the position of the thick filament and gives muscle elasticity and extensibility and brings sarcomere back to its original
alpha actinin
found in z disk binds to titin and thick filaments to connect them together at the m line
myomisin
found in m line binds to titin and thick filaments to connect them together at the m line
dystrophin
-cytoskeletal protein that links the thin filaments to the sarcolemma -attached to extracellular proteins in the connective tissues surrounding the muscle fibers -helps transmit tension from the sarcomeres to the tendons
Frontalis
raise eyebrows
oribicularis oris
pucker mouth
orbicularis oculi
blink
zygomaticus major
smile
platysma
depress lower lip and mandible; tense neck skin
temporalis
elevates and retracts the mandible
masseter
elevates and protracts the mandible
sternocleidomastoid
rotate or flex head
rectus abdominins
flex vertebral column
external oblique
if both > flexion of vertebral and compression of abdomen; if one > rotate truck
transverse abdominis
compress abdomen
erector spinae
one side > lateral flex and rotation of vertebral both > maintain erect posture
diaphragm
increase horizontal vertical dimensions of thorax during inspiration
external intercostal
expand dimensions of thorax during forced inspiration
external intercostal
pull ribs down and decrease thorax in forced expiration
pectoralis minor
depresses and protracts the scapula
superior trapezius
elevats scapula and clavicle and extend head
middle trapezius
adducts scapula
inferior trapezius
depresses scapula
rhomboid major
elevates, adducts and inferiorly rotates scapula
rhomboid minor
elevates, adducts, and inferiorly rotates the scapul
pectoralis major
elevates, adducts, and inferiorly rotates the scapul
latissimus dorsi
adducts, extends and medially rotates the arm
deltoid medial fibers
abduct arm
deltoid anterior fibers
flex and medially rotate arm
deltoid posterior fibers
flex and medially rotate arm
supraspinatus
abducts the arm
infraspinatus
laterally rotates and adducts the arm
teres major
extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm
biceps brachii
flex and supinates form the forearm
brachialis
flexes the forearm
brachioradialis
flexes the forearm
triceps brachii
extends the forearm and extends the arm
flexor carpi radialis
flexes and abducts hand
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes and adducts hand
palmaris longus
weakly flexes the hand
flexor digitorum
flexes middle phalanx of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger, and hand
flexor digitorum profundus
flexes distal and middle phalanges of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger, and hand
extensor digitorum
extends distal and middle phalanges of each finger, proximal phalanx of each finger, and hand
extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts hand
extensor carpi radialis longus
extends and abducts hand
extensor digiti minimi
extends proximal phalanx of little finger and hand
abductor pollicis longus
abducts and extends thumb and abducts hand

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