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Chapter 10
Permeability |
ability of a substance to transmit fluid |
Gaining Stream |
stream gains water from inflow of groundwater through streambed |
Losing Stream |
streams lose water to the groundwater system by outflow through the streambed |
Darcy's Law |
Gradient, Conductivity, Discharge |
Porosity |
percentage of void or pore space in a rock body |
Types of porosity |
Intergranular= due to space btw grains
Bedding Plane= due to space btw bedding of rock layers
Solution= due to cavities w/in rocks that have dissolved from mild acids
|
Aquifer |
Permeable rock strata or sediment that transmit groundwater freely |
Aquitard |
Impermeable layer that hinders or prevents water movement |
Cave Formation |
groundwater that dissolves soluble rock below the surface, have delicate balance of solution and dissolution and are called living caves- continuously making new cave formations; rock type- travertine |
Karst Topography |
dissolved limestone that is very close to the surface, results in landscape features |
Karst Topography Features |
Sinkholes, Natural Bridges, Karst Towers |
Hot Springs |
water is 11-16 degrees F warmer than average annual air temp of locality. Heated by cooling of igneous rocks below 95% located near active volcanoes |
Geysers |
Intermittent hot springs where water erupts with great force
|
How do geysers work? |
Extensive underground chambers collect water which is heated by igneous rock below |
Thermophiles |
Yellowstone; organisms that can survive and thrive in extreme heat environments |