View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (58)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
PSYC 1000: FINAL
psychological disorder |
deviant distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns
|
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
|
medical model |
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, teated, and, in most cases, cured, often though treatment in a hospital
|
DSM-IV-TR |
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
|
anxiety disorders |
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
|
generalized anxiety disorder |
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a statee of automatic nervous system arousal
|
panic disorder |
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening
|
phobia |
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation
|
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetivie thoughts and actions
|
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
|
post-traumatic growth |
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
|
somatoform disorder |
psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
|
conversion disorder |
a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
|
hypochondriasis |
a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
|
dissociative disorders |
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
|
dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
|
mood disorders |
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
|
major depressive disorder |
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
|
mania |
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
|
bipolar disorder |
a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
|
schizophrenia |
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
|
delusions |
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
|
personality disorders |
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
|
antisocial personality disorder |
a personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
|
ecletic approach |
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
|
psychotherapy |
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
|
psychoanalysis |
sigmund freud's therapeutic techniwue. freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-- and the therapist's interpretations of them-- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
|
resistance |
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
|
interpretation |
in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
|
transference |
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
|
psychodynamic therapy |
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
|
insight therapies |
a variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
|
client-centered therapy |
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth
|
active listening |
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
|
unconditional positive regard |
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance
|
behavior therapy |
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
|
counterconditioning |
a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors
|
exposure therapies |
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
|
systematic desensitization |
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. commonly used to treat phobias
|
virtual reality exposure therapy |
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
|
aversive conditioning |
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
|
token economy |
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
|
cognitive therapy |
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
|
cognitive-behavior therapy |
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy
|
family therapy |
therapy that treats the family as a system. views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
|
regression toward the mean |
the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average
|
meta-analysis |
a procedure for statistically combing the results of many different research studies
|
evidence-based practice |
clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
|
biomedical therapy |
prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system
|
psychopharmacology |
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
|
antipsychotic drugs |
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
|
tardive dyskinesia |
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors
|
antianxiety drugs |
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
|
antidepressant drugs |
drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters
|
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
|
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) |
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
|
psychosurgery |
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
|
lobotomy |
a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
|