PSYC 4620 1st EditionExam #2 Study Guide Chapters:5-10Along with this review, you need to read chapters 5-10 in your textbook and study the slides presented in class. Also, remember that there is a website that we were told to visit in our Chapter 7 slides. Good Luck on your Exam!1. Know Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) common symptoms and behavior presentations of it- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)- is a sustained pattern of anger, irritability,and defiant or vindictive behavior. Shown also is defiant behavior toward authority figures, in addition to 4+ symptoms for 6+months: agrresion-4 types, angry and resentful, irritable, noncompliance-refusal to comply with rules and requests, temper loss- repeatedly, esp. with adults: excessive tantrums, deliberately annoying others, touchy or annoyed by others, spiteful and revenge-seeking, and externalizing blame.- In the majority of settings, the authority figure is female. - The average age of diagnosis is 7. - Most kids with ODD do act out aggressively- You will typically be diagnosed with ODD before CD. - ODD is more related to environmental causes.2. Know what the Conner’s Continuous Performance Test (CPT) is and what it measures, as well as what different performances may indicate - CPT is an ADHD Behavioral Assessment. It measures impulse control, sustain and selective attention, commission and omission errors. Commission- impulsivity. Omission- inattentiveness.3. Know about the correlates and comorbid diagnoses associated with presentation types of ADHD - The most frequent disorders seen along with ADHD include: oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, mood and anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, language disorders and other learning problems, tic disorders, and fine motor difficulties.- Inattentive comorbid with learning disorders and problems. IQ is lower in general and deficit in working memory and processing. Hyperactive/Impulse- anxiety, conduct, ODD, mood disorder and Tic disorder may also be there.4. Know about how Learning Disorders (LDs) are diagnosed, according to the DSM and according to other models (be able to say at least one other way disabilities of learningare measured - Learning Disorders (LDs) are diagnosed by the DSM. The common approach to conceptualizing learning disorders is emphasizing the discrepancy between an individual’s aptitude (usually measured with an intelligence test) and achievement. Alternate models that focus on low achievement or intraindividual patterns (unevenness in academic skills, with particular patternsof cognitive strengths and weaknesses) are also problematic, but an example ofone would be the RTI models. 5. Know about typical age of onset for Conduct Disorder (CD) and ODD and how they change over time (and correlate with adult functioning)- Onset for CD is age 9 and the onset for ODD is age 7. In adulthood conduct disorder can lead to antisocial personality disorder.6. Know about etiology of CD and ODD – especially note similarities- Etiology for ODD- Family, origin: parent substance use/abuse problems, parent mental health problems (mood), antisocial PD traits in family, Harsh and/or inconsistent parenting, coercive reinforcements, marital discord - Genetic/biological: temperament, twin and adoption studies show similar patterns of behavior even when reared apart- Etiology for CD- Family- similar to ODD: Parent substance use/abuse problems, parent mental health problems, more common when parents have alcohol dependence, mood, or schizophrenia, antisocial PD traits in family, harsh and/or inconsistent parenting, coercive reinforcement. - Genetic/biological: slow heart rate, lower GSR (Galvanic Skin Response), low reactivity, frontal lobe differences-brain imaging, twin and adoption studies show high concordance, low serotonin, high testosterone.- ODD tends to have more environmental factors and CD is more likely from violence, drug use, and chaos in family or neighborhood.7. Know what pica is – what the diagnosis generally means - Pica-eating nonnutritive substances or eating food in a nontraditional way. Book definition: the ingestion of nonfood substances such as paint, pebbles, or dirt.8. Know the major ways in which sleep disorders are typically assessed (what formats?)- Sleep disorders are typically assessed by being hooked up to machines that check your brain activity and you sleep is watched by brain technicians. Our book states other ways to assess sleep disorders. In addition to general overviews of health and development, sleep diaries are often requested from parents.9. Know about what evidence says about the IQ patterns and/or academic presentations of most children with CD - Kids with both ODD and CD tend to have lower than average IQs. However, kidswith CD tend to talk their way out of things, have better social skills, and are more manipulative. They also have a lower verbal IQ, but a better performanceIQ.10. Know the most effective treatments both short and long-term for a diagnosis of ADHD- Treatments for short term diagnosis of ADHD include stimulant medication. Long term medication for a diagnosis of ADHD includes behavioral or cognitive behavioral intervention. The child’s parents, siblings, teachers and the child itself will receive treatment.11. Know these terms and what they are: Dyscalculia, Dyslexia, Dysgraphia- Dyscalculia-math disorder: weaknesses can be in specific skills or as related to amore global nonverbal problem; can be more related to concepts, operations, or both. - Dyslexia-reading disorder: problems in reading and spelling (identifying and recognizing-decoding); trouble separating sounds; comprehension (understanding words in context) can become a problem; often have memory and attention problems. - Dysgraphia-written expression disorder: mostly about comprehension and translating from one modality to another (difficulties taking reader’s perspective); errors in writing, spelling, punctuating, etc. are all common.12. Know how reactive attachment disorder generally develops, and what diagnosis means- Reactive attachment disorder is a rare attachment disorder involving lack of organized attachment behaviors and reduced social engagement. Diagnosed in children with very adverse childcare experiences.- RAD is the failure to attach or positively respond to caretakers.- Diagnosis includes: must begin before age 5 and cannot be primarily the result of MR or