Developmental Considerations In Clinical Child PsychologyIntroductionSlide 3Slide 4Psychopathology is . . .Relevance of Development to Understanding Child PsychopathologyWhat is Developmental Psychopathology?Developmental PsychopathologyDevelopmental Psychopathology: Key ConceptsSlide 10Slide 11Types of Biological Risk FactorsBiological Risk FactorsAge of MotherPoor Maternal NutritionMaternal Alcohol UseMaternal Tobacco UseOther drug use during pregnancyPre or Postnatal Illnesses and InjuriesPregnancy and Birth ComplicationsGenetic FactorsBiological Risk/ResilienceChildhood Temperament9 Temperament Dimensions in New York Longitudinal Study ModelTemperament DimensionsSlide 26Temperament as a Risk FactorTemperament: Goodness-of-FitPsychosocial Risk FactorsCumulative Life StressSlide 31DivorceDivorce: Short Term EffectsDivorce: Long Term EffectsDomestic ViolenceEffects of Child AbuseSexual Abuse StatisticsEffects of Sexual AbuseSlide 39Slide 40Parenting Style: Risk or Resilience?Slide 42Slide 43Risk Factors: The Big PictureDevelopmental Considerations: “Normal Problems”Developmental Course of PsychopathologyOther issues before we continue . . .The DSMSlide 49The DSM: Multiaxial SystemSlide 51Slide 52Developmental Developmental Considerations In Clinical Considerations In Clinical Child PsychologyChild PsychologySeptember 5, 2006September 5, 2006PSYC 4930PSYC 4930IntroductionIntroductionFrom Wenar & Kerig (2000) p. 2From Wenar & Kerig (2000) p. 2““You are a clinical child psychologist conducting an You are a clinical child psychologist conducting an initial interview with a mother who has brought initial interview with a mother who has brought her daughter into a child guidance clinic. “She her daughter into a child guidance clinic. “She has always been a sensitive child and a loner, has always been a sensitive child and a loner, but I thought she was getting along all right-but I thought she was getting along all right-except that recently she has started having except that recently she has started having some really strange ideas. The other day we some really strange ideas. The other day we were driving on the highway to town, and she were driving on the highway to town, and she said, “I could make all these cars wreck if I just said, “I could make all these cars wreck if I just raised my hand.” I thought she was joking butraised my hand.” I thought she was joking butIntroductionIntroductionShe had a serious expression on her face and She had a serious expression on her face and wasn’t even looking at me. Another time she wasn’t even looking at me. Another time she wanted to go outside when the weather was wanted to go outside when the weather was bad, and she got furious at me because I didn’t bad, and she got furious at me because I didn’t make it stop raining. And now she’s started make it stop raining. And now she’s started pleading and pleading with me every night to pleading and pleading with me every night to look in on her after she has gone to sleep to be look in on her after she has gone to sleep to be sure her leg isn’t hanging over the side of the sure her leg isn’t hanging over the side of the bed. She says there is some kind of crab bed. She says there is some kind of crab creature in the dark waiting to grab her if her creature in the dark waiting to grab her if her food touches the floor. food touches the floor.IntroductionIntroductionWhat worries me is that she believes all What worries me is that she believes all these things can really happen. I don’t these things can really happen. I don’t know if she’s crazy or watching too much know if she’s crazy or watching too much T.V. or what’s going on.”T.V. or what’s going on.”What is the first question you would ask?What is the first question you would ask?Psychopathology is . . . Psychopathology is . . . ““clinically significant behavioral or clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological syndrome or patternpattern that that occurs in an individual and that is occurs in an individual and that is associated with present associated with present distressdistress or or disabilitydisability or with a significantly or with a significantly increased increased riskrisk of suffering death, pain, disability, or of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom” an important loss of freedom” (DSM-IV-TR)(DSM-IV-TR)AKA, a mental disorderAKA, a mental disorderRelevance of Development to Relevance of Development to Understanding Child PsychopathologyUnderstanding Child PsychopathologyWe can only understand abnormal behavior with We can only understand abnormal behavior with reference to normal behaviorreference to normal behaviorChild Psychopathology: “Normal development Child Psychopathology: “Normal development gone awry” (Wenar, 1982)gone awry” (Wenar, 1982)Development can go awry in a variety of ways:Development can go awry in a variety of ways:Fixation Fixation (Arrest of development at a particular stage)(Arrest of development at a particular stage)Regression Regression (return to an earlier stage)(return to an earlier stage)Failure to DevelopFailure to DevelopExaggerated Behavior Exaggerated Behavior (e.g., affect(e.g., affectQualitatively Different BehaviorsQualitatively Different BehaviorsWhat is Developmental What is Developmental Psychopathology?Psychopathology?Sroufe & Rutter (1984)Sroufe & Rutter (1984)The study of the origins and course of individual The study of the origins and course of individual patterns of behavioral manifestation, whatever the patterns of behavioral manifestation, whatever the age of onset, whatever the causes, whatever the age of onset, whatever the causes, whatever the transformations in behavioral manifestations, and transformations in behavioral manifestations, and however complex the course of the developmental however complex the course of the developmental pattern may be”pattern may be”““the study of developmental processes that contribute the study of developmental processes that contribute to, or protect against, psychopathology” (Werner & to, or protect against, psychopathology” (Werner & Kerig, 2000)Kerig, 2000)Developmental PsychopathologyDevelopmental PsychopathologyAttempts to integrate what we know about Attempts to integrate what we know about normal development:normal