12. March 24/25: Two teams with 3 and/or 4 members meet for basic instruction and practice gas and liquid analysis using GC=s and the HPLC. Two or more GC instruments will be used to perform a gas and liquid analysis. Data will be taken by recorder and by computer. Different GC columns can be evaluated for separation of gases. Only one HPLC column will be used for sugar analysis.INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PROCESS PRODUCTS, CHFEN 5503Fall Semester, 2004Introduction to Gas and Liquid ChromatographyMarch 24,25, 2004 (same early and late team sequence as the first FTIR lab)March 31 and April 1,7,8, 2004 (2 weeks, full time or as needed)OBJECTIVES FOR THIS SET OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LABS:$ Learn to make manual injections of gases and liquids for GC analysis$ Learn to control the GC data output in strip chart recorder andcomputer format$ Learn to troubleshoot GC analysis problems$ Learn to safely startup and shut down a GC with an FID detector$ Gain experience using packed and capillary GC columns, temperatureprograms, TCD and FID detectors$ Gain experience establishing optimum GC operating conditions$ Perform a quantitative GC analysis of unknown liquids and/or gases$ Establish a method for determining retention times and responsefactors for GC and HPLC$ Learn to make manual injections of liquids for HPLC analysis$ Perform a quantitative HPLC analysis for sugars in a juice drink$ If possible, compare the response of two different Auniversal@ HPLCdetectorsASSIGNMENTS AND PROBLEMS:12. March 24/25: Two teams with 3 and/or 4 members meet for basic instruction and practice gas and liquid analysis using GC=s and the HPLC. Two or more GC instruments will be used to perform a gas and liquid analysis. Data will be taken by recorder and by computer. Different GC columns can be evaluated for separation of gases. Only one HPLC column will be used for sugar analysis.2. Using each of the gas analysis GC=s, each student must individually produce your personal best chromatograms of:a. hydrocarbon standards provided b. an Aunknown@ gas mixture3. Try to identify all of the peaks on the GC gas chromatograms above. In yourreport estimate the relative volume (or weight) of the components in the unknown gas based on peak area only. When you report this, be sure to explain your methods and rational.4. Liquid analysis on the GOW-MAC GC is for practice this week but you may want to record retention times, areas, and amount injected for future reference.5. For the HPLC develop a table of sugar knowns, their retention times, andtheir peak areas per unit mass of sugar injected. Develop a brief written team plan for the analysis of sugars in a juice drink (see #11 below). Sugar standards will be provided.GC lab, page 26. March 31/April 1: Receive instruction on the use of the HP GC with FID for liquids or gas analysis. Complete any gas analysis above not completed last week.7. As a team, use the available GC=s and the installed columns to determine the retention times and peak areas (for equal volumes injected) of as many liquids below as time allows: Teams will get 1.0 hours for their first use of each of the liquid analysis GC=s.acetone 2-propanolethyl acetate2-butanonemethanol 3-pentanonecarbon tetrachlorideethanol8. As a team, develop a brief written experimental plan (see #11 below) for the quantitative GC analysis of an unknown liquid (suspected of containing one or more of the compounds in 5 above) using the apparatus and data determined in 7 above. Be sure to address which separations appear to be impractical with the installed columns.9. Chromperfect software should be used for your GC liquid analysis.10. Using the HPLC and the sugar column, as a team, determine the concentration of the individual sugars in three different juice or soda drinks. Report your results in mg/ml and units consistent with the can or bottle label(e.g. g/can). You may have to dilute the juice, but you should report both diluted and undiluted results.11. The team written experimental plans are due on or before April 7/8 and should be submitted as a separate document to J.V. Fletcher. Since they are brief, they may be done in lab and will be read and OK=d as received. They will not be graded.12. You will be given an unknown liquid to analyze using your plan (#8 above) after its review and approval. The liquid can be analyzed as time permits over the remaining weeks of lab. A brief Memo report on the quantitative contents of your GC liquid unknown is due by the last Friday of the regularsemester (April 30, 2004).13. Complete 1-9 by April 7/8. A Team Memo Report is due Tuesday, April 20, 2004, with at least the original chromatograms and the revised (i.e. as used)GC and HPLC team plans attached.Some suggestions for the gas and liquid analysis using the GOW-MAC GC=s (also see sample chromatograms in the lab):a. Do the gas analysis at less than 100C and inject 0.5ml or less. Keep attenuation low.b. Run the chart recorder as slow as possible to keep peaks from being too broad. Too slow will not give a readable separation, however.c. When you do liquids on the GOW-MAC 580, use column B. The oven should be at 40-80C or less and He flow at about 25 ml/min. Limit the filament amps to 200 mA.d. Inject the same volume for each known liquid (Try 0.2 microliters at an attenuation of 1 if the computer is used on the GOW-MAC 580)e. If you have time you should prepare a synthetic mixture of two liquids from #7 above and try a separation.f. Best conditions for the HP GC=s will be available at the