CMSC 671 Fall 2005Today’s classCourse OverviewCourse materialsHomework and grading policiesAcademic integrityInstructor availabilityWhat is AI??HistoryElizaSlide 11Colby’s PARRYParry meets ElizaFoundations of AIBig questionsWhy AI?What’s easy and what’s hard?Turing TestThe Loebner contestWhat can AI systems do?What can’t AI systems do yet?Who does AI?What do AI people (and the applications they build) do?RepresentationReasoningBehaviorEvolutionary optimizationInteractionRoboticsApplicationsAI & art: NEvArProtein foldingInteraction: SketchingOther topics/paradigmsLISPWhy Lisp?Why all those parentheses?Basic Lisp typesBasic Lisp functionsUseful help facilitiesGreat! How can I get started?Slide 47CMSC 671CMSC 671Fall 2005Fall 2005Professor Marie desJardins, [email protected], ITE 337, x53967Today’s class•Course overview•Introduction–Brief history of AI–What is AI? (and why is it so cool?)–What’s the state of AI now?•Lisp – a first lookCourse OverviewCourse OverviewCourse materials•Course website: http://www.cs.umbc.edu/courses/graduate/671/fall05/–Course description and policies (main page)–Course syllabus, schedule (subject to change!), and slides–Pointers to homeworks and papers (send me URLs for interesting / relevant websites, and I’ll add them to the page!)•Course mailing list: [email protected]–Send mail to [email protected]–subscribe cs671 Your Name–Send general questions to the list–Requests for extensions, inquiries about status, requests for appointments should go directly to Prof. desJardinsHomework and grading policies•Six homework assignments (mix of written and programming)•Due every other Thursday (approximately) at the beginning of class•One-time extensions of up to a week will generally be granted if requested in advance•Last-minute requests for extensions will be denied•Late policy:–.000001 to 24 hours late: 25% penalty–24 to 48 hours late: 50% penalty–48 to 72 hours late: 75% penalty–More than 72 hours late: no credit will be given•NOTE ON READING: Please do the reading before each class!Academic integrity•Instructor’s responsibilities:–Be respectful–Be fair–Be available–Tell the students what they need to know and how they will be graded•Students’ responsibilities:–Be respectful–Do not cheat, plagiarize, or lie, or help anyone else to do so–Do not interfere with other students’ academic activities•Consequences include (but are not limited to) a reduced or failing grade on the assignment, or in the classInstructor availability•Prof. desJardins–Official office hours: Tues. 1:00-2:00, Wed. 11:30-12:30 (ITE 337)–Appointments may also be made by request (24 hours notice is best)–Drop in whenever my door is open (see posted “semi-open door policy”)–Will try to respond to e-mail within 24 hours–Direct general questions (i.e., those that other students may also be wondering about) to the class mailing listWhat is AI??What is AI??HistoryEliza•ELIZA: A program that simulated a psychotherapist interacting with a patient and successfully passed the Turing Test. •Coded at MIT during 1964-1966 by Joel Weizenbaum.•First script was DOCTOR. –The script was a simple collection of syntactic patterns not unlike regular expressions–Each pattern had an associated reply which might include bits of the input (after simple transformations (my  your)•Weizenbaum was shocked at reactions: –Psychiatrists thought it had potential. –People unequivocally anthropomorphized. –Many thought it solved the NL problem.Eliza•I am the psychotherapist. Please, describe your problems. Each time you are finished talking, type RET twice.•i'm having a hard time with my students•Why do you say that?•well, they keep asking me for money•Maybe your plans have something to do with this.•what plans?•Is it because of your life that you say what plans?•No, it's because I didn't know what you were talking about•Is it because you didn't know what I was talking about that you came to me?•no, it's because i wanted to see if you could pass the turing test•Does it bother you that you wanted to see if I could really pass the turing test?•…..•How do you reconcile problems at school?•This is a waste of time. Good bye•My secretary will send you a bill.•I am the psychotherapist. Please, describe your problems. Each time you are finished talking, type RET twice.•i'm having a hard time with my students•Why do you say that?•well, they keep asking me for money•Maybe your plans have something to do with this.•what plans?•Is it because of your life that you say what plans?•No, it's because I didn't know what you were talking about•Is it because you didn't know what I was talking about that you came to me?•no, it's because i wanted to see if you could pass the turing test•Does it bother you that you wanted to see if I could really pass the turing test?•…..•How do you reconcile problems at school?•This is a waste of time. Good bye•My secretary will send you a bill.•This is a transcript of a conversation with an Eliza-like program found in Emacs •Try typing Meta-x doctorin your favorite Emacs.Colby’s PARRY•Kenneth Colby modeled a paranoid using the same techniques circa 1968.•PARRY has basic emotions. If it gets angry, its replies become more hostile. •In a Turing test, expert psychiatrists were unable to distinguish PARRY’s ramblings from those of real paranoids.H: Good afternoon. My name is Doctor Jones. P: Pleased to meet you. H: How are you? P: All right I guess. H: Could you tell me your name? P: Pat Smith. H: I though you might have some problems. P: I've been upset lately. H: By what? P: People get on my nerves sometimes. H: Tell me more. P: Do you know anything about bookies? ...H: Good afternoon. My name is Doctor Jones. P: Pleased to meet you. H: How are you? P: All right I guess. H: Could you tell me your name? P: Pat Smith. H: I though you might have some problems. P: I've been upset lately. H: By what? P: People get on my nerves sometimes. H: Tell me more. P: Do you know anything about bookies? ...Parry meets ElizaP: I don't understand your motives. E: Why don't you understand my motives? P: Shouldn't I be? E: Why do you say that just now? P: That's just the way it is. E: Suppose that's the way it were not. P: So? E: I am not sure I understand you fully. P: You harp on the same questions too