Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryBaseline Vehicle Material Composition"Unrecyclable""Ferrous""Nonferrous""Unrecyclable"Plastics 224.5Aluminum 155.5Copper 49.5Zinc 20.0Lead ----Other Ferrous 68.5Iron 459.0Carbon Steel 1387.0HSS 234.0Stainless 31.0Glass 85.0Rubber 134.5Fluids 179.5Other 83.0Total 3111.0Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems Laboratory"First Principles" Mass/MPG Calculation500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500Vehicle Mass (pounds)1520253035404550Mile Per GallonMPG = 8627.4 (Mass)-0.74584Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryRule Of Thumb - 10-5 RuleA 10% Reduction In Mass...Yields A 5% Increase In Fuel EconomySo, If A Baseline 3111 lb Vehicle Gets 21.6 mpg... MPG = 895.24 (mass)-0.463 500100015002000250030003500Vehicle Mass (pounds)1520253035404550Miles Per Gallon10-5 Rule"First Principles"Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryThird Calculation - DeLuchiSome Scaling Modifications:Mass = 2.015 FE2- 194.85 FE + 6375.54500100015002000250030003500Vehicle Mass (pounds)1520253035404550Miles Per GallonDeLuchi 10-5 Rule "First Principles"Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryEstimated Costs of Recycling ProcessingAssumptions:Cost of Hulk - approx. $5070 ton/hr shredder8 hrs/day operation4 hrs/day maintenanceTransportation Costs - $0.10/ton/miRegression: Cost / VehicleCost = -48.7820 - 0.0153 F -0.0079 N - 0.0072 UWhere:F = Car Ferrous Mass (lbs)N = Car Non-Ferrous Mass (lb)(not including lead)U = Car Unrecyclable Mass (lb)123456789101112131415Sample #($120)($100)($80)($60)($40)($20)$0$20Processing CostRegression Estimate Model ResultsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryRules of Thumb For Revenue & Landfill ExpensesCost of Landfill --- $120/tonValue of Ferrous Scrap --- $100/tonValue of Mixed Nonferrous Scrap --- $900/tonSeparation Efficiencies --- 90% of ferrous recovered90% of nonferrous recoveredrest goes to landfillDismantlers Get Some Off Before The Shredder:50% of the Iron80% of the Stainless50% of the Aluminum25% of the Copper50% of the Glass50% of the RubberThis is a function of the kinds of parts made of these materials.For the purposes of this analysis, use the regressions to calculate the costs of the baseline vehicle. Then use the top 4 bullet facts to look at the impact of changes in the vahicle material composition.Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryFerrous Metal Revenue - EstimatedAssumed$100/ton shredded steel scrapStandard ProcessingRegression Results From Cost ModelWhere (all in pounds):F = total ferrous mass of carN = total nonferrous mass(net of battery lead)U = total mass of unrecyclableResult:-in dollars per vehicle2.2248 + 0.0376 F + 0.0055 N- 0.0068 U = Ferrous Revenue123456789101112131415Sample #$0$20$40$60$80$100$120Ferrous Metal RevenueRegression EstimateModel ResultMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryNon-Ferrous Metal Revenues - EstimatedMore Detailed EstimateRecovery Rates of Aluminum, Copper, and Zinc DifferentOverall Mixed Metal Scrap Value Assumed At $0.45/lbResult-Dollars per vehicle:Revenue = 0.2025 Al + 0.3038 Cu +0.4050 ZnWhere : Al = total aluminum in carCu = total copper in carZn = total zinc in carNote: Aluminum companies are being pressed to offer higher scrap values!123456789101112131415Sample #$0$10$20$30$40$50$60Nonferrous RevenueRegression EstimateModel ResultMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MassachusettsMaterials Systems LaboratoryLandfill Cost EstimateAssumptions:Landfill Cost - $120/tonSeparations Not 100% EfficientResults: Landfill Cost Per VehicleCost = 6.9382 - 0.0018 F + 0.0041 N - 0.0574 UWhere:F = Car Ferrous Mass (lbs)N = Car Non-Ferrous Mass (lb)(not including lead)U = Car Unrecyclable Mass (lb)123456789101112131415Sample($50)($40)($30)($20)($10)$0$10Landfill ExpenseRegression EstimateModel