Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11THE 1905 REVOLUTIONThe “great dress rehearsal”THE 1905 REVOLUTION Discontentment of peasantry Discontentment of proletariat Revolutionary agitation Lack of political participation Growing nationalist movements Russo-Japanese WarPRECIPITATING FACTORSTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONRUSSO-JAPANESE WAR Russia wanted to secure expansion into Asia Also meant as way to detract attention from internal problems But Russian fared poorly – were being beaten by Japanese Initial patriotism waned Blamed failures on incompetence of regimeTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONBLOODY SUNDAY Workers’ demonstration led by Father Gapon, Jan. 1905 Troops open fire, kill 150 Led to disturbances all over country In cities, workers strike In countryside, peasants attack landlords Nicholas II becomes known as “the Bloody”THE 1905 REVOLUTIONTHE REVOLUTION SPREADS General Strike, October 1905 Paralyzes country Tsar forced to make concessions OCTOBER MANIFESTO Creates DUMA Granted civil & political rights Legalized political parties • Liberals form OCTOBRISTS & CADETS• Led to growth of Women’s MovementTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONTHE RADICAL RESPONSE Revolutionaries initially refuse to participate in government Marxist form SOVIETS with workers alternative government forums for grievances But strikes slowly being put down around countryST. PETERSBURG WORKERS’ SOVIET, LED BY LEV TROTSKYTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONTHE CONSERVATIVE RESPONSE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS, 1906 Affirms autocracy Limits power of Duma Gives Tsar power to dissolve it & pass laws without it Nicholas dissolves Duma, calls for new elections But new delegates even more liberal, even some revolutionaries Changes election laws to ensure conservative DumaTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONTHE CONSERVATIVE RESPONSE Police apparatus remains in place Crack down on revolutionaries Closed many trade unions Strikes violently suppressed Due process largely suspended Emergence of staunchly conservative forces BLACK HUNDREDS• carry out POGROMS against Jews & radicalsTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONTHE PEASANT PROBLEM Peasant uprisings greater threat to regime Govt. unable to control unrest in countryside Nicholas makes concessions Reduces & eliminates redemption payments Grants legal equality Withdrew support for commune After 1907, encourages smallholdingTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONRISE OF NATIONALITIES Resistance to Russification Ukrainian nationalists start agrarian uprisings Violent demonstrations in Poland Finnish subjects rose demanding autonomy Bloody clashes in Baltics Much of Transcaucasian Muslim population in revoltTHE 1905 REVOLUTIONAssessments of 1905 Urban & rural uprisings never joined No real leadership – largely spontaneous Role of peasantry essential Created professional politicians Showed growing & widespread opposition to autocracy Tsar lost image as “little father” – now called “the bloody” Tsar could not always count on army  Showed intransigence of