Apollo Gray Team Lunar Landing Design - Final Report -May 16, 2007 System Architecture Bryan Gardner Wilfried Hofstetter Ryan McLinko Human Factors Tatsuya Arai Melanie Chin Elizabeth Deems Jaime Mateus Guidance, Navigation & Control Lucy Cohan Swati Mohan Rebecca Myers Ben Renkoski Operations Phillip Cunio Christine Edwards Carl Engel Zahra Khan Apollo Gray Lunar Landing Design 5/16/2007 1Table of Contents Table of Contents......................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables................................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6 2. Systems Architecture .............................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Review of Lunar Landing Concepts................................................................................ 7 2.2 Reference Lunar Lander Design................................................................................... 10 2.3 Systems Architecture Summary.................................................................................... 13 3. Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) ........................................................................ 14 3.1 Trajectory .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Hardware .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Sensors ......................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Actuators...................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Apollo Hardware Comparison ..................................................................................... 18 3.3 Control and Estimation ................................................................................................... 19 3.3.1 Control Architecture and Comparison to Apollo......................................................... 19 3.3.2 Control Architecture Flow ........................................................................................... 19 3.4 Simulation and Results................................................................................................... 20 3.4.1 Simulation Formulation ............................................................................................... 20 3.4.2 Simulation Control Architecture.................................................................................. 21 3.4.2 Simulation Results ....................................................................................................... 21 3.4.3 Monte Carlo Analysis and Results............................................................................... 22 3.5 GNC Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................. 23 4. Human Factors....................................................................................................................... 23 4.1. Lunar Lander Control..................................................................................................... 24 4.1.1 Design Requirements................................................................................................... 24 4.1.2 Number of Crew Members in the Control Loop.......................................................... 24 4.1.3 Supervisory Control..................................................................................................... 24 4.1.4 Task Areas and Crewmember Responsibilities ........................................................... 25 4.1.5. External Cameras........................................................................................................ 25 4.2. Display Design ................................................................................................................ 26 4.2.1 Landing Display........................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 Situational Awareness Display .................................................................................... 27 4.2.3 Systems Status Display................................................................................................ 28 4.2.4 Window........................................................................................................................ 28 4.3. Interior Design and Anthropometry.............................................................................. 28 4.3.1. Total Volume .............................................................................................................. 28 4.3.2. Cockpit Anthropometry .............................................................................................. 28 4.3.3 Input devices ................................................................................................................ 29 4.3.4. Life Support Systems.................................................................................................. 29 4.4. Crew Selection and Training ........................................................................................ 30 4.4.1 Crew Selection............................................................................................................. 30 Apollo Gray Lunar Landing Design 5/16/2007 24.4.2 Crew Training .............................................................................................................. 30 4.4.3 Workload and Situational Awareness Testing............................................................. 32 5.